The enzymic synthesis of starch Essay Example for Free

The enzymic synthesis of amylum EssayWhen green plants photosynthesise, the leaf produces simple abrasions such as glucose, and sugar phosphates such as ribulose 1,5 biphosphate. These are transported to wholly leaf cells and other organs, and may be deposited as amylum anywhere in the plant. The plant makes these products during the light independent stage of photosynthesis, and converts them to starch, other carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids subsequently the light independent stage and so light is not necessary.This explains the presence of a sm both amount starch in the leaf cells left in the dark with glucose solution. Only a small amount is present because, starch can only if be synthesised by using sugar phosphates and enzymic processes using starch phosphorylase enzymes. This would have been possible by using the small amounts of sugar phosphates already present in the leaves.The presence of starch in the leaves left in glucose in the light is because the leav es have a plentiful supply of glucose, as well as being able to photosynthesise and produce their own simple sugars and phosphates. The reason for starch being present in the leaves left in water in the light, is that as there was plentiful light, the leaves had the capacity to photosynthesise, and produce their own glucose and other sugars and sugar phosphates, of which some was obviously converted to starch.No starch was present in the leaves in the water in the dark because no light was present so no sugars could be produced through photosynthesis, neither was there any glucose available for the leaves to convert into starch. The potato results prove the idea that starch can only be synthesised by using sugar phosphates, because tube C was the only one which showed any sign of there being starch present, and tube C was the only one that contained Glucose 1-phosphate as well as the starch phosphorylase.Starch is used by cells for storage (in a starch grain), as the molecules are b ig and cannot suit out. It is also insoluble and this means that it stays where it is put and does not dissolve in water. The leaf experiment already showed that phosphates are more important for making starch than light, and this just reinforces the fact. Evaluation The experiment could have produced inaccurate results. The leaves were placed in a cupboard, for a dark place and it may have allowed a small amount of light to get through.The temperature in the cupboard and under the daylight lamp may have also fluctuated, altering the results. Also, when pouring the de-ionised water into the beaker for the leaves to sopor on, some air may have been absorbed. The plant samples used were kept in a bin liner overnight before the experiment was done, to destarch the plant. This may not have been long enough for the plant to use all its starch reserves, which would mean that starch could have been detected when it was really there all the time.

The power of tweens Essay Example for Free

The military group of tweens EssayLike no otherwise time in hi boloney, the purchasing post of children ages nine to fourteen has change magnitude to become a force to be reckoned with. With celebrity tweens like Mary Kate and Ashley Olsen paving the way into the wide tween audience, today it is the likes of Miley Cyrus who is well on her way to worthy a gameboardinalaire off the incredible dieing power of the tween population. While music and movie stars benefit largely from the new purchasing power of tweens, many other industries benefit as well, including the electronics industry, the clothing industry, and the food for thought industry. As tweens take place their surrenderance money, as well as their parents money on items often marketed directly to them, in that location in any case remains differences in the bargain fors of male and female tweens that influences not only how companies market their products, plainly how tweens spend their money. And, while tweens spending power continues to increase at a rate previously unseen in society, they still lack the spending freedom afforded to their antiquateder teenage counterparts as well as growns.To genuinely take advantage of the tween market, it is necessary to create a course quotation throwaway designed oddly for tweens that will allow them to purchase as they like, while concurrently being overseen by their parents. Through this creation, tweens could learn how to become more(prenominal) experienced in spending money, and parents could be more involved in the consumer life of their children. The power of tweens in the marketplace can no longer be ignored by industries, who are now making a greater effort than of all time to reach the profitable demographic. In just a decade, the influence of tweens on marketing has become significant, as not only do they possess purchasing power of their own, further they in addition influence the purchasing decisions of their parent s. Between the years of 1990 and 2000, industry spending on advertize to tweens exploded during the decade, increasing from a absolute $100 million to more than $2 billion (How marters Target Kids). This huge increase in spending on advertising to tweens speaks better than anything else in wake how powerful a market they nominate become. In the essay, The Selling of Rebellion it is demonstrated how the marketing world has attempted to sell the ideas of breaking loose of boundaries by consumerism to schoolboyish tweens. Breaking the rules has become desirable, after decades of advertisers mentioning those that break the rules transcend the boundaries of the common world. This tactic is especially useful on young consumers like tweens. In his essay, tail end Leo points out how Madison Avenue charges the youthful desire for freedom and individuality, and coopts its rhetoric for purposes that are uniquely conformist (Leo). This marketing strategy manages to sell the fallacy of freedom, while encouraging transgression on the part of tween consumers. To Leo, transgression allows tweens to break the boundaries while staying within the greater circle of conformity, to rebel and while conforming. To a tween, some(prenominal) of these beliefs are extremely important and have led to significant spending in recent years on products that appeal to both needs. The total income that tweens had to spend in 2003 was reported to be upwards of $42.3 billion dollars, with marketing analysts predicting increases of around 2 percent a year in both the United States and europium (Tween Teen Trends). While the total income tweens spend on items reflects some of their purchasing power, the true extent of their purchases is off the beaten track(predicate) greater and tween spending worldwide is higher than of all time at an estimated $170 billion (Tweens Empowered and with Money to Burn). With such obvious purchasing power, the massive tween market has become a priority of advertisers that spend increasing amounts of money to reach them, often with very profitable results.The unique age of tweens has many of them considering themselves no longer children, and advertisers capitalize on this fact. Industry analysts have found that children eleven and older no longer consider themselves children, and the Toy Manufacturers of America have changed their target market from birth to fourteen years old to birth to ten years old (The Tween Market). This shows that tweens tastes have grown more sophisticated in just a few decades, due in no small part to the efforts of advertisers and market research groups. A 2000 report from the Federal Trade Commission in the U.S. revealed how Hollywood routinely recruits tweens to evaluate its story concepts, commercials, theatrical trailers and rough cuts for R-rated movies, which has gone a long way in infuseing a sense of adulthood in the young children, and helping to instill a greater sense of independence and sep aration from their parents, especially in the way they spend their money (The Tween Market).While many adults and parents question the motives of industries that target their children, as well as the methods used, it has become an irremovable fact of society that tweens are being treated more as adults than children, especially when it comes to taking estimable advantage of their purchasing power. However, despite the fact that their purchasing power is treated with the same level of respect as adults, the products that tweens continue to purchase reflect their young age. Some of the most popular products that tweens spend their money on continue to be the same things children have always spent money on. It is estimated that spending on food accounts for roughly 17.0% of tweens disposable income in 2008, which includes things like candy, fast food, and soft drinks in the U.S. alone there will be a reported 1.1 billion extra tween snacking occasions in 2008 relative to 2003, which m eans tweens will be spending more money than ever on candy and junk food (Tween Teen Trends). Even though tween spending has grown more sophisticated in recent years, the overwhelming total of tween pocket money goes to confectionery goods and snacks, with an estimated $18.2 billion in tween money spent on confectionery in 2004, with a further $8.9 billion and $5 billion spent on soft drinks and sugary or savory snacks (Tweens Empowered and with Money to Burn). These numbers reflect the common purchases of both male and female tweens, both of which spend indiscriminately on candies and sodas often marketed straight to them. However, there have been more efforts make in recent years to target to the specific genders of tweens, and the purchases they perform have reflected specific preferences by each group. Females have long been known to mature faster than males, and the tween age is a representation of this. Female tweens spend far more money on certain items that are not necess arily butterflys or candies, but rather things that help reflect their move into adulthood. Fashion and cosmetics are extremely important to tween girls, and check to recent research of a three-month period in 2003, 90 percent of tweens and parents of tweens reported spending money on clothing items, averaging roughly $100 per purchase in most cases shoes and sneakers also ranked considerably high on the list, reflecting the importance tweens place on fashion and staying trendy (Clack).Even more so than their male counterparts, female tweens use their purchasing power to develop their unique sense of identity and attempt to cultivate an older self-image. This is reflected in the advertising by the fashion industry geared towards tweens, which often uses provocative marketing campaigns that feature very young models and sell a very adult concept of sexuality to the young tweens (The Tween Market). With role models like Britney Spears and the Miley Cyrus, the adult sexuality portray ed by such stars also goes a long way in influencing tween girls to emulate such behavior.This has led to makeup becoming another major growth area in the tween girl market, though instead of the expensive adult cosmetics, tween girls prefer to purchase products such as shimmer, eye shadow, and lip gloss (Clack). The emphasis on fashion is not to say that tween girls do not make some similar purchases to boys, as both genders spend a great deal of money on entertainment such as CDs and movies, but when it comes to technology, tween boys far outpace the girls in their spending habits.While cellphones, PDAs, and Ipods have become standard purchases of both tween boys and girls, one of the most significant burgeoning markets in the past decade has been the video recordinggame market. out-of-pocket largely to the male tween population, the video game industry became the most profitable entertainment industry in the United States, outpacing both music and movies. U.S. annual shipments more than doubled from 69 million in 1996 to 159 million in 1998, and during this time, U.S. sales increased from 3.6 billion dollars to 6.2 billion dollars in 1996 video games represented 2% of toy shipments and 15% of sales dollars, and by 1998 it grew to 4% of toy shipments and 22% of sales dollars.Today, total video game sales grew 43 percent in 2007, up from $12.53 billion in 2006, and in December, historically the industrys strongest month, Americans spent $4.82 billion on video games, up 28 percent from a year earlier and up 83 percent from $2.63 billion in November, helped by the success of handheld units like Nintendo DS and the latest generation of home consoles (Ortutay).The tween demand for sophisticated toys, as well as the constant introduction of new games consoles, has been good news for the video games industry, as research shows that tweens spent $4.3 billion on video games, which accounted for over 13% of total videogames sales, where tweens spending on traditiona l toys and games dwindled to only 6% of total sales (Tweens Empowered with Money to Burn). The popularity of video games and the purchasing power of tweens have combined to create a situation in which male tweens spend far more money on technological items than ever before, especially in the form of videogames.Despite the hefty price tags, new video game systems bring tweens and adults alike together in front of the television to touch on in the videogame fun, proving that videogames remain an aspect of popular culture that brings all ages together like few others can. The shared interest and purchases that tweens have with adults, often their own parents, seems to suggest that a greater effort should be made to educate and control their purchasing power.Credit cards are used more than ever, and their popularity is reflected in the massive credit card debt that has been racked up in the United States over the past few decades. It is estimated that at the end of 2002, Americans carr ied over $750.9 billion in outstanding credit card debt (Weston). While some consumers are successfully managing to pay off their debt, many are in trouble and forced to make changes in their spending. For tweens, having a highly regulated credit card could possibly lead to preventing many of the credit pitfalls experienced by the older consumers. By introducing a credit card aimed directly at tweens and controlled by their parents, tweens would be able to continue their purchasing habits while under the guidance of their parents.While the common tween may feel this to be restricting their newfound purchasing power, as it is, few tweens have their own source of income to begin with and get the majority of their money from their parents. It only makes sense that this also reflects in the fact that the vast majority of tween purchases, around 72 percent, are made with decisions made jointly by both the parent and the tween a littler margin of purchases, around 19 percent, are made sol ely by the parent on behalf of the tween, while only 8 percent of tween purchases are made by the tween alone (Clack). By presenting tweens with a credit card that was controlled by the parents, they could be made more independent and make more purchases on their own.This way, tweens would be given the benefits of having to learn the value of money and parents could better regulate and discover what their children are purchasing from the invoices. They could even place limits on their childs spending on the card, which would prevent the tweens from making any costly spending mistakes. Instead of relying on a profit-motivated bank that makes money on interest rates and punishment fees, tweens could instead rely on their parents to help educate them to such things, proving a considerably more cost effective means of learning the system of credit cards rather than the way that many adults often do, which is to fall into a massive hole of debt.The new purchasing power of the tween marke t cannot be denied, but it is in the best interests of their parents to make sure it can be controlled. The fact that the majority of tween purchases are made jointly by tweens and their parents, a tween credit card regulated by their parents could be an ideal way of ensuring that their children avoid spending too much money on things they do not really need, and also avoid falling into the trap of overwhelming credit card debt. A tween credit card could teach them the value of money at an early age, as well as make them feel more independent and grownup. Feeling more independent and grownup is very important to tweens, and if parents fail to do the job, supperless marketers are more than happy to do it for them, gearing complex marketing campaigns towards tweens with disposable income. If anything, a credit card designed for tweens and controlled by their parents will allow them to each take the power back from marketers that target the tweens youthful ignorance and the parents ig norance to their childrens purchases. In the end, the purchasing power of tweens may be a global phenomenon, but they are still children and the responsibility for their actions should continue to remain with their parents, which a tween credit card could most assuredly do.Works CitedClack, Erin E. What a Tween Wants Now Market look Experts Reveal Whats NewWith This Important Demographic. Reach Advisors. 1 Apr 2004. 29 Apr 2008. http//www.reachadvisors.com/childrensbusinessarticle2.html.How Marketers Target Kids. Media Awareness Network. 2008. 29 Apr 2008.http//www.media-awareness.ca/english/parents/marketing/issues_teens_marketing.cfm.Leo, John. The Selling of Rebellion. Exploring Language, 10th Ed. Longman 2003.Ortutay, Barbara. Nintendo tops video game sales in 2007. MSNBC. 17 Jan 2008. 29 Aprhttp//www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22718374/.Tween Teen Trends. Datamonitor. 19 Jan 2005. 29 Apr 2008.http//www.marketresearch.com/product/display.asp?productid=1094144g=1.Tweens empowered and wi th money to burn. Euromonitor International. 10 Mar 2006. 29 Apr 2008. http//www.euromonitor.com/Tweens_empowered_and_with_money_to_burn. The Tween Market. Media Awareness Network. 2008. 29 Apr 2008.http//www.media-awareness.ca/english/parents/marketing/marketers_target_kids.cfm.Weston, Liz Pulliam. The Truth About Credit Card Debt. MSNBC. 2008. 29 Apr 2008.http//moneycentral.msn.com/content/Banking/creditcardsmarts/P74808.asp.

Two Kinds by Amy Tan Essay

Two Kinds by Amy Tan EssayAmy Tans Two Kinds is a short story nearly the relationship between a Chinese-the Statesn stimulate and her American daughter. Two Kinds is a chapter from Tans book, The Joy passel Club, which is made up of sixteen stories about Tan growing up in America with a mother from ancient Chinese customs (Tan, 189). In this chapter, Tan describes her puerility not with emphasis on cultural differences, but as a missy trying to find herself all the while in constant skirmish with her Chinese-American mothers desire for her to become extraordinary.Further research reveals to the reader that Daisy, Amy Tans mother, is her influence for writing. Daisy a child-survivor of Nanjing came to America in 1949 at the age of 18 leaving behind three daughters to escape communism and abuse (unknown, 2010). Daisy raised Tan as a Chinese mother with Chinese customs is expected to by using harsh words of warning to motivate greatness. Tans exposition of the story appears in the origination with you could phrases that exhibit the reader to the mother. You could open a restaurant. You could become instantly famous. You can be best anything (Tan, Two Kinds, 2012, p. 336). The reader is intrigued in the offshoot gear three paragraphs as it is snuff it this mother, the static address throughout this story, expects no little than excellence.The first person narrator is the dynamic character of this story, Jing-mei. She is also the protagonist in an ongoing compete for independence with her mother who is the antagonist. Jing-mei struggles to find who she is. At first, she convinces herself that if she hurries, she can fulfill her mothers expectations and would soon become perfect (Tan, Two Kinds, 2012, p. 336). However, the child-narrator in her coming-of-age attitude sets the tone for the battle-of-wills when she thinks the mother is beginning to give up hope (337). Jing-mei continues this battle determined not to try (p. 338) and determined to put a sto p to her foolish pride (p. 339). The mother-daughter climatic flash occurs when Jing-mei selfishly yells You want me to be someone that Im not (p. 339). Tan allows the mother to invoke her position in the relationship with her reply of Only two kinds of daughters. Those who are obedient and those who follow their own mind Only one kind of daughter can live in this house. Obedient daughter (p.339).Tan increases the mother-daughter conflict using dramatic visualization as Jing-mei repeatedly defies the mothers with the use of words like disappointed, failed expectations, I had been sent to hell and I wish I were pulseless (Tan, Two Kinds, 2012, pp. pp. 337-339). The mothers comments to her daughter because you not trying (p. 337) and only ask you be your best (p. 337) poses a dilemma for the reader of whether to feel sympathy for the mother or daughter.What the daughter perceives as being an unsatisfied and disappointed mother is Tans use of situational irony. It is not until the e nd of this short story that the daughter realizes that her mother was not domineering or demanding for the sake of Chinese custom, but was only exhibiting a mothers enduring hope that her daughter would be someone great. Tan affirms this near the end as the mother reminds her thirty year-old daughter you could been genius if you want to (Tan, Two Kinds, 2012, p. 340).The pivotal moment of the story occurs in the last paragraph as the daughter for the first time notices the music pieces she rehearsed as a child (Tan, Two Kinds, 2012, p. 340). Tan dramatizes the irony further when Jing-mei, after the death of her mother, notices the two songs on the piano, Pleading shaver (p. 340) and Perfectly Contented (p. 340) that are symbolic of the daughters growth from a child to an adult. She realizes the pieces were two halves of the same song (p. 340) just as she and her mother were. As the mothers character was checkermingly over-bearing, she and her mother wanted the same thing both wan ted the best in life for Jing-mei.Tans chronological organization of the story allowed the reader to see the conflicts emerge and resolve as Jing-mei grew into an adult. This story was not about the cultural differences between Chinese and Americans as one might expect, but more about a mother-daughter relationship. Tan writes because it is about the meaning of my life (Tan, NEA Big Read Meet Amy Tan, 2010). When we read this story as a chapter in The Joy Luck Club, Two Kinds completes Tans collection of stories that are about hope and the way she looked at the world (2010).I liked this story because I connected with Jing-mei at first and felt sorry for her. However, half way through the story, I began to feel sad for the mother after Jing-mei began behaving selfishly and defiantly by not trying. As short as the story was, it created a momentary emotional struggle for me. At first I could not understand why the mother would campaign a child into extracurricular activities of which she had no interest. I thought perhaps the mother, given Amy Tans real mothers tragic history, was living vicariously through her daughter. Later, as a mother of three daughters, I began to see why the mother was trying to convince her child to do something great. It was because she wanted her daughter to be no less than perfect. The story did not change my perspective on mother-daughter relationships because all mothers raising daughters have unique coming-of-age stories. I did stop and reflect upon my own mother and my childhood with her as we had our growing pains. I was adopted and my mother was very much like Amy Tans trying to make every perfect. Tan writes brilliantly with passion and I am a newly committed fan. I would not change a thing in this story.

Challenges faced by Colgate-Palmolive Company

Chall(a)enges face by Colgate-Palmolive CompanyNowadays trade is kindred a war that has each things seem fair, simply as a human being we admit to kept in mind that all the estimable and moral issues that pertain to all the stake holders. Issues and problems are the ingredient of both crease and life, but the save supremacyful business man are the true(a) scraper of all internal and external forces those create obstacle / hindrance in the success ladder.This report contain all the aspect of challenges faced by the contemporary business man in running his / her business, and all those issues that he / she has to face in his / her daily routine. This report contain four part in the first part we have discussed the portfolio of the business, secondly PEST analysis, third we discussed the current issues of business and in the last we have conclude all the above verbalize issue and formerly recommendation.COMPANY BACKGROUND INFORMATIONColgate-Palmolive Company (NYSE CL)Thi s is an Ameri lav corporation that has the focused on the distribution, production, personal products, provision of household and health cope such as detergents, soaps, toothpaste and toothbrushes (oral hygiene products).HistoryWilliam Colgate, a candle and soap tillerr opened up a starch, soap, and candle factory located on Dutch Street with the name of William Colgate Company in New York City in 1806. The firm in the initial years began to sell individual bar but later on in 1857, after the death of William the association started reorganized as Colgate Company operated by his son. In the starting of the year 1872, alliance introduced a perfumed soap with name of Cashmere Bouquet. Colgate sold the first toothpaste in 1896 with the brand name of Colgate Ribbon Dental Cream but after the success of this brand, company started mass selling in 1908 (Wikipedia 2010).Colgate people have built a reputation as a successful company that has the loftyest ethical standards. by dint of living the values of Global Teamwork, Caring, Continuous Improvement, and adhering to the principles of honor, law and concern for the environment, as the company seeks toProvide quality products of value to customersOpportunities for professional fruit to all company peopleFulfill CSR as a member of the international communityIncrease shareholder value (Wikipedia 2010)Factors affecting the BusinessGovernment FactorsGovernment does not have much influence on the FMCG industry in terms of regulations. There are consumer protection laws but they are not implemented as they should be. There are not much regulations involved in this industry (Krutz 2004).(P)olitical factors governmental factors are influencing this industry because the rising-made and order conditions have affected the tout ensemble economy which in turn affected the industry. Many of the factories of the big companies were burnt after the assassination of Benazir (Krutz 2004).(E)conomic factorsThe overall econo my of the country is showing a enduring growth. Therefore this industry is as well showing a growth of 10%. But the inflation is growing rapidly which is not a good stigma for the new entrants. Change in the interest rate also affects the industry. Hence the new entrants are also threatened by the increasing interest pass judgment (Wikipedia 2010).(S)ocial trendsThe social trends are in favor of this industry. Mass awareness is created through media. So people are shifting from their traditional methods of washing clothes, skin tuition etc to the modern methods. This is a good sign for the new entrants. People have become more educated and health conscious. High population growth is another(prenominal) opportunity for the new entrants (Muravchik 2004).(T)echnological careenThe technology can support this industry well. If the whole system can be automated from the import of raw genuine to the finished goods then it would save time and m nonpareily. This is a good sign for the new entrants. But in this industry technology does not play a major role because the traditional formulae of soap or toothpaste are not that much complicated (Louviere 2001).Colgate-Palmolives Mission StatementCompany mission statement snap on the following factorsCaringEvery Company has claims cares about people but the Colgate Company has original care for its business partners, people, shareholders and customers. Colgate is dedicated to act with empathy, integrity and candor in all circumstances, to pay attention to customer according to the value differences and others. Similarly the Company is committed to defend the universal environment and to affix the communities where Colgate people are alive and work (Wikipedia 2010).Global TeamworkAll Colgate employees are part of a worldwide squad, devoted to work together across countries and all through the world. Only by allocation ideas, technologies and talents can the Company accomplish and of importtain profitable growth.Con tinuous ImprovementColgate is dedicated to getting improved every day in all it does, as persons and as teams. By better sympathetic consumers potential and incessantly working to improve and innovation in services, processes and products Colgate can be the best. (Wikipedia 2010)INTRODUCTIONEvery charge has to face difficulties in every step of business development and Effective management is the main ingredients for the establishment / growth and success of the business. The success of the management is to examine the marketplace, background and create employment. In order to make profit opportunities that give the financial viability and potential growth for the business. Beside that the immensity of management is usually misunderstood and wrongly interprets because people are giving more focus on the result somewhat than the course of management (Laroche, Michel, cabbage and Kim 1996).Concurrently with the increase in demand about quality, business man attracted the attention of customers. A sudden wave of successful entrepreneurs looks as if to render preliminary management concepts obsolete while ignoring the marketing / organizing talents of the success full business man / entrepreneur (Griffin and Pustay 2009).Planning is critical for developing a firms potential. This view tended to short term enhances profits, however created along term dysfunctional business environment. However, many small businesses do not distinguish the subscribe for long-term plans, for the curtilage that the clarification no of people concerned in working the business involves equal conscientiousness in the decision making and planning processes (Gauzente and Ranchhod 2002).Critical issue/problem for today businessEvery new day bring the challenge for any business person, because to stay alive in the market you need to fight efficiently and smartly, as the world moving complexity in every aspect of life is increase though technology has improved along but as much we belon g to technology we get more depended. Following are the hot buttons for today business, and every business men more or less facing and strugglingPolitical instability and involvementEvery government is eager to impose taxes to earn more and more profit, due to recent shock of recession about of the industries are move toward bankruptcy or liquidate just because of high taxes and less benefit given by the government. It is everyday these day small business or large physical composition owners to be unaware of current legal issues that can hit them because continuous transfers in the business policies and implication by the governments put them in trouble. The problem is that legal trouble can cost them. It can even cost you your business. After 9/11 money laundering and other compliance issues are more dealt in the organization standard operating procedure (Wikipedia 2010)Poverty and inequality of incomeDue to high inflation and high unemployment rate continuously hitting the pov erty level to increase, and that all because of inequality of income, contrary as the inflation increase the cost of business will also increase that thing put the pressure on the business man to reduce the prices because consumer start searching for alternative. In Pakistan micro pay is getting importance as an effective tool for social mobilization poverty alleviation. Currently in Pakistan, a variety of institution including micro pay banks Others ranging from NGOs to private Government sponsored ruler support programs are delivering services to the poor, who dont have access to or neglected by the commercial banks. Micro finance aims at empowering individuals to earn a reasonable income through micro credits. Micro finance caters the needs of borrowers and usually focuses on the segment of the population whose economic spatial relation fall below poverty level (Krutz 2004)Ethical issues in businessEthics and moral compulsion are something that we all come across at one ti me or another. All persons have to act in a way that would support the society in a proficient setting. In every business there are own policy of individuals and ethics within the particular business have adhere the compliance of the code conduct most of the organization investing lot of resource in order to maintain the ethic and code of conduct within the organization, even though regulatory bodies also penalized the organization if in case of non compliance (Krutz 2004)Constantly Changing Economic EnvironmentDynamic economic environment is a night mare for the present-day(a) business, because already exist giant in the market is a serious threat for them, because most of them have made cartel and create obstacle for the new business men to enter in the market or survival.Economical changes like inflation , Balance of payment, unemployment and poverty is also hindrance for the growth of business, for the conflict against all these indicators, entrepreneur need specific skill an d knowledge, because without that he / she cannot be able to run the business smoothly (Griffin and Pustay 2009)Risk ManagementEvery organization is vulnerable of low chances events that could have a potentially appalling effect. Every single step has creating question for the organization success, and organization has to fight not only with external factor but has to manage the internal factor of the organization. All around us we find some people / object / substances that are working against the organization and the entire factor is consist of those indicators that need to be monitored.Theft of propertyBreach of lawsComputer crimesFraudWeather related damageIn order to determine the variance between the expected and achieving results company has to determine the specific road map and checklist of the indicator which plays are major role in the indicator (Cateora and Graham 2007).Developing and Mentoring EmployeesManaging the employees / labor is the critical issue for the busines s men in these days because as the dynamic environment is coming around, for competing with that we need to keep our staff in the phase of learning, and continuous training is required to make them up to date..The actual problem comes when the employee / labor are unwilling to change and create hindrance in the way, so fighting with this problem is the main issue for the entrepreneurs.Negotiating and Managing Critical Relationships with stake holdersDeveloping / maintaining the relationship with all the stake holders is the classical thing for the entrepreneurs because each and every one has its own importance, and without making good relation with them survival is difficult, for all the building relationship entrepreneurs need to have the dialogue and communication skills (Wikipedia 2010).Every day we have noticed that lots of entrepreneurs were disconnected their businesses just because they are lack with these skills and for understanding the critical relation with the stakeho lders we must need to understand the importance, if we neglect the customers, so we lose business, if we neglect the good supplier so we lose the quality, if we neglect the distributor so we lose the perfection is services, and in the end if we neglect the Government so we have to ready for the sanctions and implication / charges / penalties.Managing global operationWhile organizations turn into global they frequently end up stipendiary a intense price in requisites of managing complex challenges and issues.Host Country Norms and Customs.Workforce managementHost country languagesUnfamiliar laws and regulations.Unexpected Cost mix.globalization has exaggerated most of business tremendously. multinational Corporations are functioning and operating in almost every part of the world. It is significant to expend time in considerate how globalization formulates it pertinent and necessary for a MNC to scatter and spread its capacity and meaning of Operation. It would be correct if attem pt to know the philosophy of Multinational Companies are not operating in any certain regions or countries. Similarly, the western worlds describe these shortcomings of Globalization, if a business decides to close up its business and plump from a host company. The general disadvantages which direct to a Multi National Company forgoing globalization include (Gauzente and Ranchhod 2002).Proprietary Technology to host countries.Poor Employee skills.Political risks.Customer response time is slow.Effective communicationCommon reasons why organization FailWe can identify certain familiar reasons why Organizations infract to achieve a competitive advantage and end up losing out to their competitors. These reasons are universal in nature and find the same footing in Pakistan as well as any other place in the world. http//smallbiztrends.com/category/current-issuesToo much emphasis on short-term financial performance. sort of often, cost cutting, profit maximizing at the cost of social re sponsibility or employee motivation is a failed strategy pursued by organizations, which just hastens their status to oblivion. flunk to take advantage of strengths and opportunities. This is in reality failing to hold on to proven successful strategies or core competencies. Sometimes a change in leadership leads to change in strategy, where just for the sake of glory and high profits, organizations forget their core competence and opt for strategies and tactic which cause their downfall.Failing to recognize competitive threats. This reason is the exact opposite of failure to make use of the organizations strengths. Quite often organizations decide to pursue status quo and ends up saving no new product or service or even no innovation in its existing product or service direct contrast leading to lack of customer satisfaction, decline in profits and finally being declared a failure.Neglecting operations strategy. This is definitely the most important reason of failure organizations often end up employing non productive techniques which lead to inconsistent and failed operations.Too much emphasis in product and service design and not enough on improvement. Differentiation in terms of service and product, American companies in 1980s did that they never introduced incremental refinements rather went for big changes and thus lost to Japanese competitors.Neglecting investments in capital and human resources A total disregard to use the best resource. Capital and human resources in the long run make or break an organization.ConclusionSuccessful management is founded on the mastery of a multitude of specifics and the success of the business is depended on the efficient management from the available resources and decision making for best purpose. While management teach the significance of focusing attention on main issues affect the business, managers realize the main issues are the variety form the business. The small mistake to the business is unrecoverable bankru ptcy, in a progressively more controlled society, inattentiveness to one slight detail cans consequence in considerable commotion of the business. Above mentioned problems is not the only problem faced by the entereprenurers but also every day they faced some sort of problem and hazard in conducting operations and meeting the standards, internal and external players of the market are the main indicator that need to be monitored and effectively organized.

Marx and Weber: Capitalism

Marx and weber CapitalismA comparison of Marx and Webers theories with respect to their ideas and interpretations on capitalism. Marxs view of the industrialist society he lived in was one of inequality and driven by capitalism. His ideas and interpretations of capitalism are based on historical precedent and industrialism. He calls the capitalist ownership class, the bourgeoisie, owning the heart of production, whilst describing the motioning class, the proletariat, who provide the means of production. He viewed this capitalist system as cosmos an unjust and unfair one which exploit the proletariat to provide sugar and gains for the bourgeoisie. Marx cut capitalism as merely a feeler of previous modes of production, such as slavery and feudalism, becoming a system of production of commodities which exploited the workers for the profitable gain of the capitalist bourgeoisie. In the feudal and slavery systems, however, the medieval lords and slave owners were responsible for t he welfare of their workers. Whereas, in the capitalist society he saw the capitalists taking unfair advantage of the workers, with a minority owing and monopolising the ownership of the means of production, whilst gaining big profits at the expense of the workers. Wage jadeers wee commodities, goods which are produced for ex reassign. The commodities are sold on the market, and the capitalist pays the labourer a wage. The capitalist gives up some of his capital to the wage labourer in the form of salary in return for the use of his/her labour- power. Labour-power is thus itself a commodity it is bought and sold A labourer depended on the market value of his skills, or production, to earn a living which the capitalist would sell for maximum profit. However, this profit did non feed back down to the worker, instead it went into the pockets of the already wealthy capitalist. He believed that the workers were exploited for their labour in order to survive. Marx believed that socie ty had progressed with stages of history with each stage providing its own destruction to allow it to progress to a new stage. He believed that either stage of history only progressed to the next stage through a social revolution of some kind and gave it the term Dialectical Materialism . He believed that the economy and materialism are the driving mights behind historical change. He saw the main difference between men and animals, as mans ability to produce his own living, in other words, man owns his own mode of production. However, he saw the workers ability becoming diminished in the factories and with manual labour, with the worker being alienated from his means of production by being given solely specific tasks to complete in a production line. Ultimately, he proposed that through the progression of history, capitalism would be overcome by a revolt of the working class in order for them to overcome their oppression by the capitalists, great(p) elbow room to a fairer and e qual society. He argued that economic structure should be planned to suit the people. Unfortunately in some cases, his theories were taken and twisted by others, giving way to an even more oppressive society, for prototype, communism in the Union of Soviet Republics (Russia) and the Republic of China, where the control of the working classes were still in the hands of the mete out few. In contrast, Weber believed that Marxist theories were too simple as he thought Marx saw mainly economic grounds being the driving force behind capitalism. Webers ideas and interpretations on capitalism are predominantly derived from his major work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904-05). From most of the readings done for this essay, it would appear at first sight that Weber views theology as the driving force behind capitalism. However, this is too simplistic a view. Weber was not only raise in the role of religion in capitalism he was as well very interested in discovering the values behind the individuals social behaviour. He saw workers doing what they do because of their commitment to their family, which is why people go to work although the work may not be great and the pay not very substantial. Weber is more interested in the actions of the individual and the affects of society on the individual therefore, he defines sociology in a different way than Marx, believing that individuals are wrought by their own motives and desires. He liked to use categories and typologies, using three main categories, tradition, charismatic and legal rational sanction. Weber had a wide sphere of interests, class, social stratification, groundbreakingity and religion. Being interested in discovering why capitalism was a Western phenomenon and developed in certain European countries during the industrial revolution, he undertook a study of these countries. In his work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904-05), Weber makes a connection between pro testant beliefs and the emergence of capitalism. Although religion did not bring about capitalism, Weber suggested that religion can cause social change, which in turn could fuel the process of capitalism. He uses Calvinism as an example of how change can be brought about. Calvinists believed that you were already predestined to go to heaven and were either among the elect or not, before you were natural. Nothing that happened during your life here humankind would alter this election. Calvinism was a puritan form of Protestantism, focusing on self denial, hard work and a predetermined selection for entrance into heaven. As Calvinists did not have any way of knowing whether or not they were part of the elect, they had to act as if they had been chosen therefore, they lived good lives here on earth and worked hard. It was this austere work ethic that Weber believes drove capitalism as making a lot of money was a sign of hard work and no play. As they denied themselves any comfort a nd pleasures in life, the money they had over and above their meagre living expenses was ploughed into the business making them different from other money makers, in so much that, they made money for moneys sake which was not spent on the frivolities in life. Weber theorised that this Protestant ethic gave rise, encouraging and promoting modern capitalism. He argues that formal rationalisation (the rationale behind making money) would overtake religion and do away with it altogether. Weber saw capitalism as a process of rationalisation and argues that there are six factors which are necessary for capitalism to succeed The appropriation of material means of productionMarket libertyRational technology (principally mechanisation)Calculable law (forms of adjudication and administration which allow for predictable outcomes)Formally free labour (persons who voluntarily sell their labour-power but must do so to stave finish starvation)And the commercialisation of economic life.All these conditions are necessary ingredients in the rise of capitalism in Webers view . Weber also saw bureaucracy as playing a major role in capitalism. Bureaucracy is the form of social organisation in and through which rational-legal authority is exercised and maintained. It is also the form which clearly takes hold with the advent of capitalist economic order. One does not cause the other to arise they have a h3 family relationship Where Marx felt that alienation of the workers from thier products by division of labour within the capitalist system allowed exploitation of workers for capitalist gains, thereby limiting their true freedom, Weber believed that it was bureacracies and rationalisaton that limit human freedom. Marx believed that mans freedom under capitalism was deceptive and not true freedom. He believed that capitalist wage labour restricted the worker and was really a form of forced labour as the worker relied on his wage to live. The worker could only sell his labour for the price the capitalist would pay for this work or production and for Marx, capitalism was predominantly as system of commodity production and an economic driven system. Weber argued that workers lost control of their work through the forces of rational controlled production and believed that it was inevitable that the bureacracy of the capitalist system would change processes in labour and production order to gain the best profit. But capitalism is uniform with the pursuit of profit, and forever renewed profit, by means of continuous, rational, capitalistic enterprise . Weber argued that in a capitalist society the individual join the arrange structures and orginasations which are put in place to ensure an effecient structure to ensure the best profit. By joining these organisations, the individual loses their individuality and get cut off themselves and lost in the officialdom, and therefore, become alienated. Weber tends to be seen, or portrayed, as much more pessimistic than Marx. Weber sees society becoming locked in an smoothing iron Cage through bureaucracy, rationality and authority. This order is now bound to the technical and economic conditions of machine production which today determine the lives of all the individuals who are born into this mechanism, not only those directly concerned with economic acquisition, with irresistible force. Perhaps it will so determine them until the last ton of fossilized coal is burnt. In Baxters view the care for external goods should only lie on the shoulders of the saint like a light cloak, which can be thrown aside at any moment. But fate decreed that the cloak should become an iron cage Marx was much more optimistic and saw the possibility of social change through a working class revolution, believing that social democracy is an alternative to capitalism.

The Mayas, Aztecs, And Incas Essay -- essays research papers

The Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations each originated from Latin America. Some Mayans lived in southern Mexico in the present day states of Chipas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yacatan, and Quintana Roo. early(a) Mayans lived in Central America in the countries of Belize, Guatemala, and ancient Honduras. The Incas lived in an Empire which they called Tawantinsuyu. Tawantinsuya means four parts. The Incas lived in present day Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. The four parts were a long coastal strip, the high peaks and deep fertile valleys of the Andes, and the mountainous edges of the tropical forest to the East. The Aztecs were from Aztlan in either north or northwest Mexico.Each Maya urban center governed its surrounding area and some large cities each controlled one or more smaller cities. A Maya City ruler would be succeeded by his junior brother or son. This led generations of a single family to rule for hundreds of years. Inca leaders kept their power by giving entertai nment and luxurious goods as gifts to the people. The citizens compensable taxes in return for these gifts. In the Inca culture, the emperor married his sister and his generals would be his relatives. The Inca rulers were allowed to govern independently. The Aztec power was held together by land ownership. A few families dual-lane a piece of land and part of the land was given to the state as a tax. Entire Maya families ...

Essay --

Eric LopezProfessor Katie AlbanyEnglish 110118 December 2013The Ins and Outs of an Computer Hardware EngineerIntroductionComputer ironware engineering is a major where people deal with various split of computer hardware like motherboards and microchips in multiple ways and want to see beyond the computer split to look at the ins and outs of it. They are the ones that produces the technology that remains a big phenomenon all over the world from personal computers to cell phones, and continues to improve on it for generations to come. They design this knowledge to do multiple things including helping consumers with their computer problems, analyzing public data to determine what the public needs and how to make it happen, and produce their own computer hardware by planning their own designs to produce new hardware for commercial, consumer, and military use, test it out, and then distribute it out for use. Paragraph 1But what would a computer hardware engineer be without the import ant knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) youll need to succeed in this field? In terms of knowledge, you are pretty much take to know a bit about math, science and even some ELA, as the principles of these subjects allow computer hardware engineers to read special technical symbols, get computer data and come up with the best solution to a technical problem properly and economically. You likewise need to have some intellect of the ins and outs of computer technology. You can get a fresh start in high school by taking advanced courses of math and science, while also taking classes relating to computer software, hardware, programming, and networking to know about stuff you never knew about and even if you are aware of these topics, it is ... ... according to WiseGeek. They will repeat the whole outgrowth again and again, constructing new gadgets to comply with the new advancements in technology while at the same time, bettering existing computers to allow it to work with the new computer technology. refinementcreation of their own original products, as they go and produce their own things, they have to go through a process to make sure that the final examination product is fully tested and top quality they think about various things about it like the parts required to They also help have other peoples computers by troubleshooting the device in many ways like using their mind, research, and proper testing of various computer parts to determine the reason for the problem whether its their own creations or producing computer peripherals. through the they create their own computer products engineers