Cultural Assessment of Elderly Chinese Americans

Management of their health and illness issues is also discussed. Cultural assessment theory and an assessment tool are used for he study, and their usefulness, strengths, and weaknesses analyzed. Demographics This cultural assessment is focused on elderly Chinese Americans in Flushing, New York where according to the revised 2010 census reported 56,355 Asians resided, comprising 70. 35% of the total population. Although the census reported on all Asian subgroups combined, it has been determined that most of the population consists of Chinese and Korean immigrants.Studies have also shown that the elderly portion of the population often faces more disparate treatment in relation to health care and that is why this population was chosen for the assessment. Ethnic and Cultural Health Practices Illness and death are usually viewed by elderly Chinese Americans as a natural part of life. Health is equated to finding harmony between the complementary forces of yin and yang. Special foods and herbs are used to restore balance between yin and yang and promote healing.Other common practices include massage, acupuncture, conferring with a medium or spiritualist, and institution, which is a traditional Chinese technique that involves burning an herb called Muggers to facilitate healing. Otherwise, Chinese Americans do not generally have conflict with Western health practices but when an illness is considered shameful, they often will not seek treatment. Bad news regarding diagnosis or prognosis is shielded from the patient by family members because they believe it will make the patient worse medically.With family having such a significant role in decision-making processes, it is imperative to explain and encourage durable power of attorney or other tool used to give power to the person making medical decisions. Religious Belief System Religious practices the Chinese may follow are Confucianism (a philosophy), Taoism, ancestor worship, Buddhism, and Christianity. At one time , atheism was encouraged in mainland China so some patients will say they do not have a religion. Generally, Chinese religion is dualistic and emphasizes yin and yang which are considered the makeup of the Tao.Tao is their ‘eternal cosmic principal'. Health and Illness Needs Common illnesses in the Chinese community include diabetes, stroke, hepatitis B, hypertension, tuberculosis, and cancers of the upper GIG tract, lung, liver, and misanthropy, and G-6-PDP deficiency, a condition in which the lack of an enzyme results in anemia. † Chinese men also have a large tendency to smoke. As noted by Eng, et al (2005-2006), â€Å"Up to 65% of men from China smoke. Although there is no true conflict with Western medicine, Chinese Americans often institute traditional remedies before trying Western treatments.That is why they may initially present to the facility in an advanced stage of illness. Management of Health and Illness When managing the health and illness of elderly Chin ese immigrants several factors are involved. Availing health care to those in need is essential to managing the health of Chinese immigrants. Understanding familial roles and relationships is another one of the most important factors because â€Å"culture emphasizes loyalty to Emily and devotion to traditions and puts less emphasis on individual feelings† (University of Washington Medical Center, 2007).Another factor is whether the patient understands their medications and the importance of following a regimen. Explaining medications fully and not Judging traditional Chinese remedies involving herbs will help build a bridge between traditional medicine and Western medicine. If the patient is not comfortable with the dosages or uses of their medication, they will most likely be noncompliance. Learning and understanding nonverbal cues will also help because out of respect, Chinese clients will not tell a actor no.Respect is shown by avoiding eye contact or giving small bows whe n authority figures are present. It is also believed emotions must be maintained in stressful times so they may appear stoic. Lastly, be aware that women are modest about being examined by a male and should be asked up front if it is alright for the practitioner to examine them. Language Language has been the crux of many of the problems elderly Chinese Americans encounter on a regular basis. The fact that many of the immigrants do not speak English and there are several dialects spoken, interpretation becomes more difficult.Mandarin is the official spoken language in China but Cantonese, Taiwanese, Taiwanese, and Fussiness are some of the other dialects to name a few. Chinese characters used in writing are the same for all the dialects, characters are used to express words, thoughts and principles. Nutrition An old Chinese saying is that â€Å"Medicine and food share the same source†. Chinese Americans tend to believe food provides certain energies for different parts of the body and grains, fruit, meat, and vegetables must be eaten to maintain a healthy balance. Pork is the preferred meat and rice is the most important food.Hot and old fluids also are considered necessary for healing based on the individual's situation. As noted by University of Washington Medical Center (2007), mirror patient may only prefer to drink only hot liquids (water or tea) when sick or postpartum†. Hot and cold energies are thought to balance yin and yang Just as light and dark energies do. Herbs are a common part of traditional Chinese diets so it is very important to question clients about their diet in the initial interview for purposes of learning interactions with possible interventions.Literacy and Education For Chinese Americans, education is the leading determinant of health status. Many elderly Chinese, especially the earlier immigrants, did not have formal education and most of them did not speak English (Pariah, et al 2009, p. 7). Compounded with language ba rriers, this group became socially isolated and lacked access to health care. They also participated less in leisure activities other than family planned functions, and had more difficulty finding employment.Thus, most live in poverty and that has harmed them drastically both in mental and physical health. Fortunately, the younger generations of Chinese Americans have been afforded more educational opportunities and help the elders understand and receive treatments otherwise unattainable to them. The Friedman Family Assessment Model The Friedman family assessment model was used in this cultural assessment. It assisted in the collection of identifying data, developmental stage and history of the family, environmental data, family structure, and family functions.Information on family stress, coping, and adaptation was also collected. Overall, the process of the family assessment using Friedman Assessment Tool was a great experience. Knowing the family and building rapport with them wh ile assessing them in various aspects is very helpful regardless of setting. This type of assessment and involvement encourages holistic care of the individual, their family as a group, and the community. The strengths of this assessment model are the in-depth questions and large amount of areas covered.The weakness is that if all parts are not completed, it is difficult to develop an accurate assessment. The lack off good rapport with the family could render the tool understanding of the culture and family functions are key to attaining desired outcomes. Conclusion This cultural assessment was developed through the use of the Friedman family assessment model. It successfully identified data on the family's development, history, environment, health and illness beliefs and practices, religion, cultural beliefs, language, literacy and education issues, and a host of other information.Although it was found that most Chinese Americans still prefer to try traditional remedies first, it w as also found that Western medicine is an option they are open to when available and all else fails. Familial influences and education are the major factors governing health status. Those who are more educated, have better overall health. Elderly Chinese Americans in Flushing, NY will probably always encounter issues with health care because most of them still do not speak English and were never formally educated.Educating this population on their medications and available interventions will improve their quality of life and possibly extend their life spans. It is time stop allowing elderly Chinese Americans to be lost in poverty and suffering needlessly. References 2010 census interactive population search.

Accounts Receivable Crisis

The following criteria will consist of a complete record of all credit amounts which include precise approval and maturity periods, simple debtor background information such as employment position, how they receive money, amount of family members in household, and current place in which they reside. In addition, various documents that shows the exact date in which our establishment physically acquired funds from the patient will also need to be requested. Ill. In order to resolve this problem, a combined effort from all departments within this organization must be implemented.This Includes the Administrative department, the Finance department, the Health Information Management department, as well as the patient. Each department will provide a specific set of functions from various resources to the overall execution of the newly designed plan. L. Administrative department As you may well know, Admission and Registration Is probably the most Important department and is the first line o f defense against this pressing issue. Properly documenting critical patient data, such as insurance information can literally save a inconsiderable amount of money as well as ensure a faster payment.In an effort to reduce employee errors involving insurance changes during this phase of the process, an Increased amount AT training classes well De contacted Tanat would explain in full detail about what the procedures are for checking in a patient and a special session that focuses on proper insurance data collecting. In addition to this, a staff member suggested that a full time individual be utilized on a 24 hour basis. The full time clerk will be responsible for the inspection of all other employees' paperwork to catch any discrepancies that might occur. According to Brown,J.Oily 2000), â€Å"Manual Claim Reviews including utilization and medical reviews are conducted by trained specialists. Staff specialists review specific claims with established program and medical policy, with previously paid claims, and with other information to decide if Medicaid should pay for the services. † Once this task is complete, the data will be passed on to the medical record department for further processing. Lie. Finance department To reduce the number of days that funds remain within Accounts Receivable, an analysis must first be conducted to determine which dollar amounts are either paid or delinquent.This objective typically requires the utilization of an Aging of Accounts Receivable Schedule, which can be retrieved from resources such as financial department records. According to Emerson, P. (n. D. ), â€Å"The accounts receivable schedule is a listing of the customers making up the total accounts receivable balance. Most businesses prepare an accounts receivable schedule at the end of the month. † Accessing this critical data can be quite useful and will give the company a such clearer picture as to why this issue is occurring. Iii.Health Information Manag ement department The Health Information Management department and medical coding personnel's contribution to controlling the Accounts Receivable dilemma consists of decreasing the influx of rejected claims from various insurance providers as well as ensuring that all submitted paperwork from the Administrative department is finalized and thoroughly checked for errors prior to submission. To accomplish these tasks, pertinent information such as reports, medical charts, and patient data should be adhered and referenced. ‘v.

Auditory system and optical system Essay Example for Free

Auditory system and optical system Essay Two of the most important sensory systems in human body are optical system and auditory system. Optical system or sometime called visual system involved in the process of taken amount of stimuli and transfer it into some figure that we can perceive as images that make senses. Auditory systems involved in sound wave that transduced by drum ear into some kind of vibration that eventually gets converted back into wave what we perceive as noise. There are a lot of similarities in their mechanisms of how they gather, carry and prepare those informations from sensory neurons. However, there are also a lots of differences on how each system operated and where does it takes information into difference area of the brain. For both systems, optical and auditory, the information comes from our environment in many forms. For example, optical system detected all still images and image in motion as far as human eyes can see. The auditory is ready to absorb any noise or sound for twenty-four hours a day. Their structures and mechanisms are similar in a way they gather information, prepare and perceive those information into something that make sense in our brain. After the sensory neurons carry information into specific system each detect, transduce and coding those information before they being send to central system, the brain. Both systems have similar structure that transmit those information to the final destination, the brain. Even though, both system basic the same. Each system perceive those information that perceive from sensory neuron in totally different way. For instance, optical system receive visible spectrum of wave of electromagnetic radiation. The frequency of wave created color and distinguish brightness by amplitude. In auditory system, the frequency of wave created tone ( pitch) and loudness by amplitude. For the optical system, the cornea gather light rays that pass into inferior of the eyes. The information such as light’s brightness, hue/color or motion are translate into coded neural impulse. The codes then carried by optic nerves to the brain. However, the information from one side are send to the opposite side of hemisphere but stimuli go to the same side hemisphere. The optical information are stored in occipital lobes where it was process and try to make sense of those information base on experience and individual perception. For the auditory system, the sound’s wave goes through the ear canal and hit the ear drum. They activate the the drum and the information being send through the fluid as a result it bents the hair cell in the cochlea and the information then translate into neural impulse. The intensity of sound waves determine by how many hair cell are fire as well as how frequently they fire. The auditory information then carried by auditory nerve from one side of the ear are sent to the opposite hemisphere. The auditory information are stored in temporal lobes where it was process and try to make sense of those information base on past experience and pattern. In conclusion, the optical and auditory systems have basically the same structure and mechanism but they both different in how they gathering, preparing, detecting, and translating those information. Each system are unique and unbelievably complex structure that we need to learn more. Auditory system and optical system. (2016, Jun 17).

Healthy food on the go chain companies at start up level Research Proposal

Healthy food on the go chain companies at start up level - Research Proposal Example Although the customer lost the case, it entailed negative publicity about MacDonald’s image causing serious damage that took time and huge amounts to repair. For some time, the company experienced drop in sales. In the past, fast food chains and restaurants continue to add healthier supplements to their recipes with success and sometimes with big misses. MacDonald’s for instance, flopped with its introduction of low-fat beef burger dubbed the McLean. Pizza on the other hand, failed with the addition of lower-fat pizza toppings in the Hut. Success started emerging with new entrants in the food industry such as EAT and Burger King started grilling chicken with much success. The company labeled the grilled chicken, BK Broiler now referred to as Tendergrill. People find it challenging to shop for healthy foods produced responsibly. Sometimes the labels are confusing and the lists of ingredients are complex with few directions on government regulations. It is challenging to people to identify true foods for families because the environment provides a tricky situation in most cases. Some fast food chains and restaurants take the initiative to provide reliably healthy foods that give priority to the health of their clients, the environment that they produce foods in, and producers. This is a family-owned coffee-roasting fast food located in the Pacific Northwest. The fast food offers sustainably and fairly produced foods and drinks to customers. The products benefit the consumers, the environment, as well as to the suppliers, a position taken by farmers. The company operates on the mission of supporting social equity and environmental sustainability using organic, trade, and shade-grown coffee. The health of the products offered by Grounds for Change restaurant is certified organic (Pinto, 2010, p. 42). Food materials come from farmers emphasizing on using

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES FACING THE HINDUISM RELIGIOUS TRADITION Essay

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES FACING THE HINDUISM RELIGIOUS TRADITION - Essay Example It consists of traditions that have been passed down the Vedic age, adjusted by people to make things simpler. The so called flexibility of the religion is so possible because methodology of practicing has not been put down anywhere. The religion is simply dealt with philosophy and has been an answer to man’s transcendence questions of life existence. However, a single definition of this religion and its countless traditions is not humanly possible. Lord Krishna (a Hindu avatar of God) says: â€Å"Karmanyeva Adhikaraste Ma Phaleshu Kadachana† which is a very important line taken from the sacred Bhagvad Gita and sums up the Hindu traditions. It simply means that work alone and nothing else should be aim of life. Thus, Hinduism with vast range of beliefs and traditions aims towards â€Å"Karma† alone, even after being twisted and adjusted to synchronize with present lifestyle which is one of the key reasons for its strong existence even

How to make oral presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

How to make oral presentation - Essay Example It is also easier to understand the topic if it is interpreted in simpler words. Make an outline of the presentation. This will help organize not only the presentation but also the thought of the person delivering the oral presentation. Outline serves as guide for the presentation. This could be done through powerpoint and the presentor’s own printed copy with corresponding explanation. Do a dry run presentation a couple of days before the presentation. It will also help a lot if such dry run will be recorded so that the student can play back and observe how he or she is doing in the presentation and do some corresponding adjustments to make the presentation better. Dry run will also let the student have a feel of the presentation which would help diminish the nervousness during the presentation proper. Also, dry runs allow the student to make all possible mistakes without the deduction in grade or embarrassment. Do one last review and dry run of the subject matter to be presented a day before the presentation. Then relax and get enough sleep. Arrive at the presentation venue earlier to be able to relax and settle down. This will help to remove the nervousness and make the presentor more

Why there may be greater potential for FDI activity in China rather Essay

Why there may be greater potential for FDI activity in China rather than India - Essay Example theories therefore inform that FDIs may be attracted to India as a result of its relatively lower labour costs, lower political risks and its closer proximity to developed OECD states. China on the other hand, may appeal to FDIs as a result of its large consumer market and its more impressive trade with developed OECD countries.3 This paper conducts a comparative analysis of FDI appeal in India and China with a view to demonstrating that there may be greater potential for FDI activity in China rather than India. In order to demonstrate the greater potential for FDI activity in China, this paper analyses TNC theories and the determinants of FDI inflows and outflows and examines these determinants in the context of India and China’s economy. This paper is therefore divided into three parts. The first part of this paper provides an analysis of TNC theories and the determinants of FDIs. The second part of this paper examines India’s economy and the final part of this paper examines China’s economy. Since the 1960s several theories of TNC have emerged helping to explain the factors that weigh in favour of or against TNCs investing abroad.4 Traditional neoclassical theory usually represented by eclectic or OLI theories (ownership, localization and internalization advantages) are typically used to explain and predict the â€Å"determinants of FDI†.5 The eclectic theory arose out of J. Markusen’s reconceptualization of John Dunning’s neoclassical theory of investment and trade. Dunning’s neoclassical theory takes the position that FDIs are selected by TNCs as a result of a â€Å"combinations of transport costs, factor endowments and country size.†6 Eclectic theory explains why a company would elect FDI as opposed to producing locally and exporting locally produced goods abroad and where the TNC would most likely direct its FDI. In this regard, Dunning’s eclectic theory identifies the â€Å"why, where and when/how decisions in terms of ownership,

Ebola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Ebola - Essay Example The disease again struck in West Africa in March 2014 and had been the most lethal outbreak of the disease where cases of death outnumbered all of its previous outbreaks combined (World Health Organization). The host of Ebola virus is not yet known. The first patient who contracted the virus was believed to have been infected through a contact with an infected animal such as apes, monkeys or fruit bat. Among humans, the virus can be transmitted through direct contact with blood or body fluids (urine, sweat, saliva, feces, breast milk, semen) with person who has the Ebola virus. The virus can also be transmitted to another person through the medium of objects such as using needles and syringes that was contaminated by the virus or through primates and fruit bats (since the first patient was known to be infected by a primate or fruit bat). Ebola is not airborne or it cannot be transmitted through the air. Once a person has contracted Ebola, the following symptoms may appear – â€Å"fever, muscle pain, weakness, fatigue, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal (stomach) pain, unexplained hemorrhage (bleeding or bruising)† (Center for Disease and control Prevention). These symptoms may appear between 2 to 21 days after a person has been exposed to the virus. There is no FDA approved vaccine for Ebola yet. Ebola is treated as the symptoms and complications appear. Experimental vaccines are now being developed to arrest the disease but are not yet fully tested for their effectiveness (Center for Disease and control Prevention). At present, health care professionals administer the following interventions to increase the probability of survival of Ebola patients: One of the unorthodox treatment of Ebola is the infusion of body fluids of a person who recovered from Ebola believing that the antibodies in that person will help the immunity of the infected person to fight the

Upgrading wastewater treatment facilities Essay

Upgrading wastewater treatment facilities - Essay Example The European Economic Community and the European Commission embarked on designing a common regulation regarding urban wastewater treatment, as insufficient treatment of wastewater from a given state will have significant impacts on other member states (Vesilind, 2003:114). Consequently, industries and municipals were required to adhere to certain wastewater treatment policies that would ensure pollution and other adverse effects remain minimal, including the common primary settling and activated sludge. These regulations are still applicable, forcing majority of organization to upgrade their treatment facilities to more sustainable sanitation. This report discusses the issues that lead to non-compliance. The report further proposes the adoption of a recent technological innovation in chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) as the best initial step in management and treatment of urban water waste through case studies approach (Marsalek et al., 2004:135). There have been numerous discussions on population growth in mega cities and urban areas in developing countries and the subsequent public health and water-related pollution. The central concern for the stakeholders has been whether these emerging mega cities should adopt the municipal wastewater t reatment technology similar to that of Western Europe, whether there is need to adopt another approach that is more sustainable sanitation.

Debt in Australia, Monetary Policy Essay Example for Free

Debt in Australia, Monetary Policy Essay Introduction It is imperative that the Australian households’ debt have noticeably risen over the past two decades, and is currently rated high according to international standards. The sharp increase in housing debt has been the reason for the rise in the household debt. Increased availability of housing finance, strong demand for debt from investors, and lower interest rates are the main drivers of the rising housing debt. The households’ net worth and servicing ratios will be discussed in this paper as the impacts on the higher household debt levels. The impacts of the instability in global capital markets will be discussed in this paper in relation to the housing finance market in Australia. Lastly, the implications of the rising household debt will be discussed in relation to the financial stability and monetary policy. Trends in household debt It is important to note that Australian households had a fairly stable ratio of debt to disposable income at approximately 45% during the 1980s. However, rapid rise in the ratio of debt to disposable income was recorded since 1990, with it reaching optimum of 157% in December 2007. The bulk of the increase was accounted for by the housing debt, that is, over the period, the ratio of the housing debt to disposable income rose to 134% from 31%. It was also recorded over the same period, a rise in the ratio of personal debt to disposable income to 22% from 13%. A sharp rise in the ratio of debts to assets was recorded at 17% in December 2007, from 8% in December 1989 (Wilkins Wooden, 2009). A sharp rise in household indebtedness in a number of advanced economies has been witnessed over the last two decades. It is however, noted that the increase in household debt in Australia is pronounced. The Australia’s ratio in household debt to income was recorded as the highest in December 2007 despite Australia recording as one of the countries with the household debt lowest ratio to disposable income among advanced economies in the late 1980s. It is also imperative to point out that among advanced economies; Australia rose from the bottom position to the middle number in terms of the ratio of household debt to assets over the same period (Berry Dalton, 2009). Housing finance market Focus on the housing finance market is emphasized in this paper because the housing debt in households’ total debt is dominant. An average of 15% in the annual growth in housing debt was recorded since 1990. In the periods, 1988-1989, 1994, and 2002-2004 strong growth in housing debt was recorded. This strong growth in the growth in housing debt was faster than the growth in the disposable income of households over the same period that stood at an average of 6% only (Berry Dalton, 2009). Significant growth in house prices accompanied the sharp increase in the housing debt. Over the period 1987 and 1988, the house prices doubled, however, during the first half of the 1990s the house prices drifted slowly higher, with the house prices doubling more between 1997 and late 2003. Continuous increase in aggregate house prices was recorded since late 2003; however, the trend varies markedly across the country, for instance, house prices in Perth increased strongly, while the house prices in Sydney decreased over time. The boom in resources supports the varied trends in house prices across the country (Berry Dalton, 2009). A number of factors accounts to the rising house debt in Australia over the past years, with lower interest rates accounting for high borrowing by the households whenever they take their housing loan out. This trend has been responsible for the rise in the average size of new loans, which results into the rise in the average size of outstanding loans over time. The availability of housing finance has resulted into the rise in the capacity of households to borrow finances (Wilkins Wooden, 2009). Financial health of households It is noted that the historic sharp increase in the Australia’s disposable income in December 2007 was accounted by the strong rise in the housing debt in Australia over the past fifteen years. It was however, pointed out that only a few households had difficulties in repaying their debt obligations, despite the historic sharp increase in the housing debt in December 2007 (Berry Dalton, 2009). Impact of the turbulence in global capital market It is significant to note that the housing finance market in Australia has suffered greatly as a result of the global capital markets’ turbulence. This is because half of the total funding for financial institutions in Australia is accounted for by the deposits. The foreign and domestic capital markets the balance in the Australian financial institutions. There has been significant rise in the mortgage rates, and significant change in the markets shares from lenders, due to this, there is limited restriction to the overall supply of housing finance (Berry Dalton, 2009). Significant reduction in some forms of capital market funding as well as significant rise in the most of the forms of capital market funding have resulted from the turbulence in the financial market. It is however, noted that the impact of the financial market turbulence have been felt in a number of securitization markets. Securitization markets over the past decade or so, have established itself into as a significant source of funding for housing loans in Australia. In mid 2007 for example, outstanding securitization housing finance loans had accounted for 23% (Wilkins Wooden, 2009). This was a significant rise from the mid 1990s 5% housing finance loans that were securitized. A number of loans from mortgage originators were being securitized. Institutions like credit union, regional banks, and building societies had adopted securitization of their loans since it was a cost effective way of wholesale funding (Wilkins Wooden, 2009). The onset of the global financial turbulence in July 2007, led to significant close of the securitization market. There were significant rise prime residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) to 75 basis points in December 2007 from approximately 15 basis points in mid-2007. It is imperative to point out that Australia’s Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (RMBS) accounted for the issuance of a number of Australian Asset-backed Securities (ABS) that extends on AAA-rated senior tranches (Berry Dalton, 2009). There was significant spread in the subordinated AAA-rated tranches that increased to approximately 110 basis points from approximately 20 basis points. It is significant to point out that despite the sharp increase in the spreads, investors in Australia has never encountered losses on rated Australian RMBS, coupled with the housing market in Australia remaining healthy. The investors have become more concerned with the product itself, as discounts are attached to all the sales of securitized products. The selling of residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) by several structured investment vehicles (SIVs) has also created excess supply in the secondary market (Berry Dalton, 2009). Implications for financial stability and monetary policy It significant to point out the access to credit by the household sector has greatly increased courtesy of financial innovation and deregulation. The households in Australia have become more comfortable to take loans owing to the ongoing strong performance of the economy (Berry Dalton, 2009). Â  The balance sheets of households have remained in good health despite the significant rise in the household debt; this has resulted into significant rise in asset-value capable of offsetting the rise in debt. It is also significant to note that macroeconomic conditions in the economy are also favorable. References Berry, M., Dalton, T. (2009). Mortgage default in Australia nature, causes and social and economic impacts. Melbourne: AHURI. Wilkins, R., Wooden, M. (2009). Household Debt In Australia: The Looming Crisis That Isnt. Australian Economic Review , 42(3), 358-366.

A Review Of Wendys

A Review Of Wendys Executive Summary Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers is an international fast food chain restaurant founded by Dave Thomason November 15, 1969, in Columbus, Ohio, and moved headquarters to Dublin, Ohio on January 29, 2006. Wendys was Americas national food, and the worlds third largest hamburger fast food chain with approximately 6,700 locations. On April 24, 2008, the company announced a merger with Triarc, the parent company of Arbys. Following the merger, Triarc became known as Wendys/Arbys Group. Wendys/Arbys Group is the parent company of Wendys, and is a publicly traded company. Arbys Restaurant Group, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc. This report will be focusing on Wendys Burgers of the Wendys/Arbys Group. The main aim of this report is to investigate and analyze the marketing activities of Wendys Burgers. What is the Wendys orientation? What are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of Wendys? What are the competitive advantages of Wendys? What is the impact of Wendys marketing mix? This report will try to address the above questions and more. INTRODUCTION Wendys/Arbys Group is the parent company of Wendys, and is a publicly traded company. Approximately 77% of Wendys restaurants are franchised, the majority of which are located in North America. Wendys and its affiliates employs more than 46,000 people in its global operations. In fiscal year 2006, the firm had $9.45 billion (USD) in total sales.While Wendys sets standards for exterior store appearance, food quality and menu, individual owners have control over hours of operations, interior decor, pricing and staff uniforms and wages. Wendys ended 2007 with just under 6000 Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers restaurants in operation. Of these, 1,274 (21%) were company owned and operated while the remaining 4,662 restaurants were franchised. In addition to Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers, Wendys is invested in the Cafe Express and Pasta Pomodoro restaurant chains, owning 70% and 29% of those chains, respectively. Until 2006 Wendys International Inc. also owned the Tim Hortons and Baja Fresh franchises. The chain is known for its square ground beef hamburgers and the Frosty, a form of soft serve ice cream mixed with frozen starches contracted from potato products. The idea for Wendys old fashioned hamburgers was actually inspired by Dave Thomass trips to Kewpee Hamburgers in his home town of Kalamazoo, Michigan. The Kewpee sold square hamburgers and thick malt shakes, much like the well-known restaurant that Thomas eventually founded in Columbus, Ohio, in 1969. Thomas named the restaurant after his fourth childMelinda Lou Wendy Thomas. WENDYS ORIENTATION Nature of demand Over the century, market for fast food has increased drastically, time being one of the major constraints. A recession in the early 1980s, combined with high beef prices and Wendys explosive as well as threatening growth incited the burger wars. Wendys moved into the number three spot behind McDonalds and Burger King, fuelled by its introduction of a chain wide salad bar, chicken breast sandwiches, and baked potatoes. Extent of demand As of December 2006, Wendys was Americas national food, and the worlds third largest hamburger fast food chain with approximately 6,700 locations. Approximately 77% of Wendys restaurants are franchised, the majority of which are located in North America. Wendys and its affiliates employs more than 46,000 people in its global operations. In fiscal year 2006, the firm had $9.45 billion (USD) in total sales. Orientation Wendys tries to sense the customer needs and demands. This proves that the company is marketing oriented. Let us now analyze the Wendys orientation towards the marketplace. Companies have their respective beliefs concerning their marketing efforts which are usually varied from company to company. The challenging concepts beneath which companies perform their marketing activities are Production Concept Customers are attracted to those products which are available and cheaper. Organizations following this concept targets on accomplishing the large production competence, minimal costs and bulk distribution. Product Concept The way that Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers does business and markets its product to consumers is due to the change in our society to where the consumer wants the biggest, fastest, and best product they can get for their money. Wendys introduce healthier options amid rising obesity levels and a general interest in healthier foods, some fast food companies have been going in the opposite direction, introducing ever more calorific and fat-laden burgers in a bid to win customers. Selling Concept The concept of ready-cooked food for sale is the primitive selling concept of Wendys burgers. Wendys uses ‘fresh, never frozen beef/fresh ground beef in their hamburger, has moved in line with the Quick Service Restaurant or QSR industry and has been working to offer healthy food choices. Wendys has added sandwiches and salads to its menu, and offers side dish substitutes for French fries. Marketing concept Marketing is the science of actualizing the buying potentials of a market for a specific product. It reflects a selling concept because it centers on promoting a product rather than meeting a defined area of consumer need. The marketing concept sidesteps the basic conflict between buyer and seller. Buyers want lower prices. Sellers want higher prices. The marketing concept does not provide a solution to the classic bargaining problem. Holistic Marketing Concept This involves development, design and implementation of marketing programs, processes, and activities that recognizes organizations breadth and inter dependencies. Precisely, this concept is an approach to marketing that tries to identify and resolve the opportunity and difficulties of marketing activities. There are four main elements in Holistic marketing namely (Kotler and Keller 2006: 16) * Integrated marketing involving communications, products services, channels * Social responsibility marketing involving Ethics, Environment, Legal and Community * Relationship marketing involving Customers, Channel and Partners * Internal marketing involving Marketing department, senior management and other departments. Wendys strictly follows the above concepts as it includes most of the marketing activities. Wendys Business Strategies Wendys new strategy puts its food on center stage and changes its media-buying habits to zero in more narrowly on different market segments. TV spots and print ads will focus on specific audiences instead of delivering the same message to all demographic groups, tailoring the messages to the audiences. In addition, the nearly 6,700-unit chain will advertise on the Internet to attract younger consumers and use a character named Smart Square to appeal to them in TV spots. Globally, all the Wendys employees work together to achieve in Driving Growth, Funding Growth and become Best Place to Work. Conclusion Colgate is a Marketing orientation company. This can be clearly shown below S.W.O.T Analysis â€Å"SWOT analysis is a structured approach for evaluating the strategic position of a business by indentifying its Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats† (Jobber 2007: 63). To get a clear idea of Wendys/Arbys groups outlook, it is useful to analyze the restaurants Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). Additionally, a SWOT analysis summarizes the outcome of marketing audit of the company (Jobber 2007: 61). Positive factors Internal factors Negative or potential to be negative Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats External factors Strengths Positive, tangible and intangible attributes internal to an organization and within the organizations control. * A strength in Wendys manufacturing is that their food is known for its freshness and quality. * This quality of food it said to be one of the main reasons why Wendys has outpaced the annual sales gain of McDonalds from 1998 to 2002 (â€Å"Industry Surveys,† 2003, p. 3). * The expert management system of Wendys burgers adds to its much strength in time managing and store managing skills. * The pleasant atmosphere of all the Wendys stores adds value to its strong customer oriented approach. * Hamburgers are made with fresh, never frozen beef which is a huge hit with the customers. * Being a Global brand, Wendys is capable of worldwide expansion with huge market share and consumer base to capture. * Strong supply chain is one of the key strengths of Wendys burgers with the suppliers meeting the fast food chains constant demand for the in time supply of raw materials in turn meeting the customers requirements. * Another major strength of Wendys is its mid night push plan, it is operating its stores after the mid night also, which attracts the teenage and young people a lot. * One of the major strength of the Wendys is its nutritional valued menu for the people who are maintaining balanced dite. * Wendys is the first restaurant which is offering a special menu for children ansd even for the kids. Weaknesses Internal factors within an organizations control that detract from the organizations ability to attain the desired goal. * A manufacturing weakness could be that it will be difficult for Wendys to make dramatic improvements in the area of store management in the future. * Breakfast menu Wendys experimented with serving breakfast for a short time, but the endeavor was unsuccessful due to several issues. * Constant management changes have lead to a reduction in customer as well as employee satisfaction hindering its growth and expansion. * The franchisee stores are given freedom to have their own store atmosphere and layout and also employee uniforms. * High dependence on a major country is the main weakness of the Wendys. Though it is globalized, it was operating mostly in USA and Canada.In the year 2007,more than 70% of its revenue is from the USA,this phenomenon leads to loss in profit rates at internatioinal market. * The Wendys spreading of its stores is relatively very less, when compared to its close, rivals McDonalds and Burger King.The McDonalds opening 200 stores per year, The Burger King is opening at a rate of 150 per year, but Wendys is opening only 50 stores per year,so the expansion of business will be less. Opportunities External attractive factors that represent the reason for an organization to exist and develop. Brand recognition is the significant factor affecting their competitive position. * Wendys international brand image gives it a scope for expansion into International markets. * Recession has little or no effect on the fast food industry which provides a great opportunity for growth and expansion. * Wendys was the first to introduce ‘fish sandwich making its mark and grabbing a huge market share. * Raising of restaurant business in USA ia a great opportunity for Wendys. According to the Forbs magazine survey, in the year 2007 more than 25% of USA government revenue from fast food sector. The reasons for increment in convenient food consumption is, increasing single parent families, dual working house holds, no time for active cooking at home, hike in living standards of people etc.Wendys can utilize this as a great opportunity to increase its business * Increasing population of teenagers and young people is a great opportunity for Wendys, as it was targeting them. According to the census in 2008, more than 40% of american people are teenagers,which was a great opportunity for Wendys. * Increasing opportunities in developing countries like China and India. In 2007 Wendy,s make one percent of its revenue from India and two percent from China,still to be increased. There is a great opportunity for Wendys to develop its business in developing countries as there is less operating cost when compared to the developed countries. Threats External factors beyond the organizations control which could place the organization mission or operation at risk. * Accusation Wendys was accused recently as a consumer found a human finger in one of its item (Chili). Such kind of accusations would surely affect the brand image and high chances of drop in the market share. Much time and money is consumed to regain the lost share of the fast food market. * Competitors Wendys faces stiff competition in the overall fast food industry, as McDonalds holds a dominating 18% share of the market with Wendys and Burger King holding shares of approximately 2% each. In recent years Wendys has been lagging behind McDonalds and Burger King in same store sales growth, an indicator of how established franchises are faring. In addition to traditional hamburger-based fast food restaurants, Wendys must compete with chains such as Subway, Yum! Brands (YUM) and Jack In The Box (JBX). * Controversy Wendys found itself the focus of a boycott by gay rights groups when the company pulled advertising from the sitcom Ellen in 1997, which it deemed controversial. * Illnesses caused by food is the major threat for any fast food company. Though more care was taken, there was chance of food borne illnesses like e coli, gastric trouble etc. This was a major threat for Wendys. * Food storage and transportation is also a major threat for Wendys. As it is more difficult to store raw materials as there are highly vulnerable. * Targeting a particular section of people is a major threat for Wendys, as it is targeting the teenagers only. This will leads to loose the satisfaction of people of other sections. * International Business expansion Limiting the business to the USA is the major threat to Wendys at international level. Limiting the business may leads to limiting the globalization and decreasing the brand name, profits and sales. Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Make the most of these Watch competition closely Threats Restore strengths Strategic turn around required Conclusion Wendys/Arbys group has to maintain all their strengths and grab all the opportunities. On the other hand, Wendys/Arbys group should sooner overcome all its weaknesses and work harder on the threats. Competitive Advantage â€Å"Competitive advantage is the achievement of superior performance through differentiation to provide superior customer value or by managing to achieve lowest delivered cost† (Jobber 2007: 27). Competitive Factors Product Strength — Lack of differentiation- Consumers have accessibility to similar menu that is used by other hamburger chains of the same segment. Hence fulfilling consumers needs. — Unique patty shape- Wendys burgers have a unique square shaped patty instead of a regular round patty, which other hamburger chains use. Customer Loyalty and Satisfaction — Convenience- The ease of accessibility of its stores by deploying them in prime locations adds to consumers convenience. — Speed of service- Implementing drive through and home delivery system in all its stores to attain speedy customer service. Market Share — Third largest company in QSR or Quick Service Restaurants — Introduction of new products like fish sandwich, square shaped fresh ground beef patty, salads in its breakfast menu, etc have been introduced by Wendys. — Fifth in terms of highest total revenue generated next to McDonalds Corporation, Doctors Associates, Yum! Brands and Jack in the Box. Customer Concentration — Location variables Setting up Wendys restaurants where the potential consumer(working class, teenagers, etc) concentration is high. — Strengthen penetration To attain a firm grip in the market where it is already existing. Cost Control — Centralized distribution center — Reduce labor costs Costs associated with labor is a major factor in the success of any business. Wendys labor costs include upper management, but the bulk of Wendys employees are the workers at individual restaurants. Wendys achieved to cut labor cost by downsizing the number of managers from 3.6 to 3.3 by June of 2007. Wendys expects that this will not only decrease labor costs but also enhance efficiency at individual restaurants as they have found that a high number of managers can result in division of responsibility and confusion. In 2007 Wendys total operating costs were approximately $2.29 billion while total revenue was about $2.45 billion, leaving a slim operating income of approximately $156 million. If Wendys labor cost reduction initiative can successfully decrease labor costs without negatively impacting revenues, Wendys could see a substantial increase margins and operating profits. http://cdn.wikinvest.com/i/px.gif — Economies of scale Investments — International fast food market is the best place to invest in as far as Wendys investment options are considered. — Research on untapped foreign markets in order to gain knowledge for future investments. Marketing Mix Analysis †¢ The tools available to a business to gain the reaction it is seeking from its target market in relation to its marketing objectives †¢ 7Ps Price, Product, Promotion, Place, People, Process, Physical Environment †¢ Traditional 4Ps extended to encompass growth of service industry Marketing strategy is generally obtained by the 3 key elements namely the target markets, competitors targets and the competitive advantage (Anderson 2008). Once the marketing strategy is finalized, the company starts looking into the facts of the marketing mix. â€Å"Marketing mix is the set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market.† (Armstrong and Kotler 2009). Marketing mix is essential for the company to develop the demand for its products. This can be collectively done by the four vital categories which are well-known as 4-Ps of marketing mix. The 4-Ps are namely Product, Price, Place and Promotion (Armstrong and Kotler 2009: 83). 1.1.1 Product Customer solution â€Å"Product is a good or service offered or performed by an organization or individual, which is capable of satisfying customer needs† (Jobber 2007: 28). Brand name and Quality The brand image is obtained by utilizing the fundamentals of marketing mix (Jobber 2007: 332). Wendys/Arbys Group is the parent company of Wendys, and is a publicly traded company. Wendys Restaurant Group, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc. Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc. is the franchisor of the Arbys and Wendys restaurant systems and trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol WEN. A change in the companys ownership set the course for menu expansion and a strengthened brand. On September 29, 2008, Triarc Companies Inc. merged with Wendys International, Inc. to form Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc. Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc. is the third largest quick-service restaurant company in the United States. Wendys restructured its cleanliness standards, menu and other operational details to ensure that stores met the goals and standards of the parent company so that its franchises were competitive in the market. Wendys mission is to deliver superior quality products and services for their customers and communities through leadership, innovation and partnerships. Their vision is to be the quality leader in everything they do. Wendys has a strategic vision focused on these core values: Quality: Freshly-made products and superior service are their passion; consistent excellence in customer service is their goal. All actions are guided by absolute honesty, fairness and respect for every individual. People(consumers) are the key to success, they value all members of the diverse family for their individual contributions and their team achievements. Satisfying internal and external customers needs is the focus of everything they do. Continuous improvement is how they think and innovative change provides competitive opportunities. Features and Variety The Wendys menu features a variety of products that are stated below which are unique from its competitors. * Signature roast beef, including Roast burger. * Market Fresh deli sandwiches. * Market Fresh salads. * Toasted subs. * Jamocha and specialty shakes. * Curly Fries and Side kickers. * Wendys featuresFrench friesas a primary side item, but also offers a number of options for side items/dips, includingsalads(side and Caesar side),chili,yogurtwithgranola,mandarin oranges, andbaked potatoes. In several markets, the customer may request any of these side items to be substituted for fries in its value meals. * In June 2006, Wendys removed their classic Biggie and also the Great Biggie sizes in favor of a more traditional sizing system like; Small, Medium, and Large. * Frostydessert It is asoft serve ice creamdessert sold in chocolate or vanilla flavours. Also sold as a floatand a mix-in dessert called the Twisted Frosty. * In Japan, Wendys offers ared bean pasteand cheese sandwich called as an An Burger * Big Classic- It is a sandwich that directly competes with the Burger Kings Whopper. * Mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato,pickle, ketchup and onion served on aKaiser-style roll. A second version with bacon is available, called the Big Bacon Classic. * Baconator- with mayonnaise, 6 strips of bacon, two 1/4 pound (113.4 gram) patties, ketchup and two pieces of American cheese. * In Dec 2006, Wendys phased out and stopped offering their fried Home style chicken strips in most of its U.S.locations. There is now a chicken club combo in the place of the strips, which features a Home style chicken patty, Spicy chicken patty or a Grilled Chicken patty with Swiss cheese and also bacon. The Home style chicken strips are still available in parts of Canada. * In the Philippines they serve fried chicken, which forms a staple at most fast food restaurants in that country. 1.1.1 Price Customer cost â€Å"Price is the amount of money customers must pay to obtain(buy) the product.† (Armstrong and Kotler 2009: 83). The price of any product partially highlights its quality. Pricing Strategy The Pricing strategy primarily consists of * Getting to know the market. * Elasticity. * Keeping in pace with the competitors. * Because Price and Convenience are near universal throughout firms in the industry, Wendys must focus on becoming the â€Å"highly favored† fast-food choice. Doing so will give customers more inclination to visit store locations. Place Convenience â€Å"Place includes company activities that make the product available to target consumers.† (Armstrong and Kotler 2009). The vital role of marketing is the process of how the product is being sent from seller to buyer. The means by which the products and services reach the consumer from the producer and where they can be accessed by the consumer. The more places to buy the product and the easier it is made to buy it, the better for the business (and the consumer). Availability Approximately 77% of Wendys restaurants are franchised, the majority of which are located in North America. Wendys and its affiliates employs more than 46,000 people in its global operations. While Wendys sets standards for exterior store appearance, food quality and menu, individual owners have control over hours of operations, interior decor, pricing and staff uniforms and wages. Wendys operates in 19 countries around the world while its headquarters is based in Dublin, Ohio. It operated in more countries, but closed down in some of them due to certain circumstances. Inventory Wendys never uses frozen beef, its always fresh. 1.1.1 Promotion Communication â€Å"Promotion means activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade target customers to buy it.† (Armstrong and Kotler 2009). Different ways of promoting the product are Advertising Advertising is a major phase of overall product or service development and management. Advertising is specifically part of the outbound marketing activities, or activities geared to communicate to the market, e.g., advertising, promotions, public relations, etc. Wendys recently began a cross-promotion withNintendo. When you buy specific Wendys items you receive a code on that can be entered on the web siteFrostyFloat.comand be entered to win aWii. Wendys marketing arm engages inproduct placementin films (such asThe Day After Tomorrow,Mr. Deeds,Garfield: The Movie, andClick) and television and is sometimes seen on ABCs hitreality showExtreme Makeover: Home Editionserving food to the more than 100 construction workers. A recent Wendys commercial features the tune from theViolent Femmessong Blister in the Sun.ScrubsstarZach Braffcan currently be heard invoiceoverin Wendys newest commercials. With the launch of the new ad campaign, Wendys has also unveiled a new slogan, Thats right. Few of the advertising slogans of Wendys are given below US Canada * 1970 Present:Quality Is Our Recipe * 1978:Juicy hamburgers and lots of napkins * 1979: Hot-N-Juicy * 1980:Wendys Has the Taste * 1981:Aint No Reason to Go Anyplace Else * 1982:Youre Wendys Kind of People * 1983:Parts is parts * 1984:Wheres the beef?[3] * 1986:Choose Fresh, choose Wendys[15] * 1987:Give a little nibble * Circa 1990:The best burgers and a whole lot more(also was printed inside the hamburger wrappers during the 1990s) * 1997 Present:Eat great, even late * 2002:Its hamburger bliss. * 2004:Its better here[16] * 2004:Always Great, Even Late. * 2005 2007:Do what tastes right.(primary slogan) * 2005 Present:It takes flair to be square. * 2007:Thats right. * 2007:Uh Huh. * 2007:Hot Juicy Burgers International * 1983:Its the best time forWendys(Philippines) * 2000 (approx) Present:We dont cut corners(New Zealand) * 2000 (approx) Present:Wendys cuadra contigo(Wendys fits with you). The wordcuadra(fit) is a reference to the wordcuadrothat meanssquare(Venezuela) * 2001 (approx) Present:El Sabor de lo Recien Hecho(The Flavor of the Brand New Made) (Honduras) * 2007 (approx) Present:Wendys es Sensacional(Wendys is Sensational) (El Salvador) Personal selling Personal selling involves incentive programs, sales presentations and trade shows (Armstrong and Kotler 2009: 383). Personal selling is oral communication with potential buyers of a product with the intention of making a sale. The personal selling may focus initially on developing a relationship with the potential buyer, but will always ultimately end with an attempt to close the sale Personal selling is one of the oldest forms of promotion. It involves the use of asales forceto support apush strategy(encouraging intermediaries to buy the product) or apull strategy(where the role of the sales force may be limited to supporting retailers and providing after-sales service). Sales Promotion Sales promotion is any initiative undertaken by an organization to promote an increase in sales, usage or trial of a product or service. Sales promotions can be directed at either thecustomer, sales staff, ordistributionchannel members (such asretailers).

Patrons and Artisans of the Renaissance Period Essay -- European Histo

The Renaissance period (1400 to 1700) covered art, literature, philosophy and government. Renaissance culture spread outwards from Florence, to other Italian cities and then, over the following centuries, to the rest of Europe. It is widely understood that it was a unique combination of several different influences that led to the Renaissance, with the social and political conditions of the era, combined with great wealth and the large number of talented artists and artisans in Florence; influencing cultural development on an exceptional scale. Europe in the 15th Century depended on Italy for much of its commerce. Italy itself was made up of city-states in which power was shared by leading families. By 1400 its leading city-state, Florence, had established stable self-government and great wealth through textile trading and banking, leading to a shared feeling of optimism and power. Responsible for the wealth of Florence, the ruling class of merchants, manufacturers and bankers were proud, competitive, academically curious and culturally astute. This wealth made patronage of the arts and the growth of Renaissance culture possible. In turn patronage was a way of demonstrating one’s wealth and power. Wealthy families constantly tried to outdo each other with the extravagance of their commissions, with self-advertisement a key feature of Renaissance patronage. This is epitomised by Masaccio (1401-1428), in ‘The Holy Trinity’ fresco (1425) in the Santa Maria Novella church in Florence. In it, the patrons, Lorenzo Lenzi and his wife, kneel in front of St John the Baptist, Mary, Christ and God. Rivalry pushed patrons and artisans to outclass each other, with revolutionary achievements such as the Santa Maria del Fiore in... ...n times. The ability to document individual achievement and the development of printing from the 1460s helped this – and also helped the Renaissance to spread outside Italy and throughout Europe from the late 15th Century onwards. As the 15th Century drew to a close, the political and trading map of Europe was changing. In 1453 Constantinople, the seat of the Christian Byzantine Empire, was conquered by the Islamic Ottoman Empire, which threatened the Italian states to the east and enforced increasing commercial taxes against its merchants, France also laid claim to the region, initiating an invasion in 1494 that effectively destroyed Italy's commercial and artistic authority. Gradually, artists such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) and Michelangelo fled to larger imperial courts, with Leonardo spending his last years working for the French king Francis I.

Essay example --

James 1:17- â€Å"Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning.† How would a person feel if someone took his or her life? Unborn babies have no say in this decision. They cannot choose life or death. It is understand that the mother has a choice to abort her baby, but the child cannot do anything about his or her life being taken away. Eighteen days after conception the baby has a heartbeat. Taking his or her life would essentially be murder. Abortion is wrong and should be abruptly halted not only in the United States but, throughout the whole world for several reasons. One reason why women should not have an abortion is related to human values. Women need to think about their unborn babies who are the one that is not responsible for this situation. The unborn baby should have the privilege to live and grow a normal life, and grow into a normal person. When you think about it the baby does not know why he or she is here. It is not necessary to kill a life; there are multiple oth...

Macbeth is a Victim in Shakespeares Macbeth :: essays research papers

Victims are the unfortunate people who suffer from disadvantageous circumstances in their lives. They can also be perceived as those who are sacrificed, supposedly for the greater good of others, in an effort to restore the natural order of the world. This is what has become of the character Macbeth in William Shakespeare's Macbeth. Macbeth has become a victim of the women he encounters, such as his wife Lady Macbeth, and the witches who seek him out to use for their fiendish purposes. The Thanes Lennox, Ross and Angus forsake and desert him in his time of need, leaving him victim to the English army and the Scotsmen who have betrayed him. Macbeth's most trusted friend Banquo shows signs that he will deceive the new King of Scotland, leaving him with who to trust? Not even chance will soothe Macbeth's victimization as it too leads him through Hell and back before he meets his ultimate demise. Most of all, Macbeth is a victim to himself as his brutality and single-mindedness incite hi m to the utter destruction of the MacDuff family. Macbeth's deception leaves him in a state of vulnerability and alienation caused by almost everyone he comes into contact with. Women throughout history have plagued men in an attempt to gain pleasure and power for their own nefarious schemes. The idea of women being deceivers is first brought about in the first book of the Catholic Bible in the story of Adam and Eve: She took the fruit there of and she did eat it, and she gave it to her husband.?(Genesis 3.6) Even from the beginning of time, according to the Bible, men have been beguiled by woman kind?s clever traps which lead men to make careless decisions. If it were not for the women Macbeth comes into +contact with, he would have never been able to formulate a plot to kill Duncan which is the exact incident that sets his life into chaos in the first place. The witches, upon plotting to attack a sailor say that he ?shall sleep neither night nor day / Hang upon his penthouse lid / He shall live a man forbid.? (I.iii.18-20) Although they are not talking about Macbeth directly, the witches? prophecy causes Macbeth to kill Duncan at which point he hears a voice say Macbeth shall sleep no more. This line foreshadows the witches? malicious intents for Macbeth and how they plan on torturing his subconscious mind in the future.

Money and Happiness Essay

It is often noticed that people with a higher income live a more relaxed life while the truth of the matter is their money allows them to easily take care of the necessities in life such as food and clothing that other people may not be able to maintain. Therefore, in comparison to those types of people, the ones with more money generally appear more fulfilled because they are able to purchase other desires without the worry of not sustaining a steady lifestyle. Having more money provides relief for the person rather than happiness because of their ability to obtain new possessions. Giving is better than receiving is a commonly used phrase that shows the generosity among different people; however, when it used as an argument debating happiness, it is proven to be too vague to fit the modern day definition. A recent study by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton explains that the â€Å"most satisfying way of using money is to invest in others†¦donating to a charity†¦buying lunch for a friend† (Can Money Buy Happiness?). Their argument demonstrates that putting their money towards other people rather than themselves brings an even greater joy, but how does that differ from paying taxes? Taxes are provided for many reasons such as donating to shelters, paying for government workers, and maintaining roads, so why are the citizens upset about the requirement of investing a portion of their income to the government when the investment in others brings happiness? Consequently, the satisfaction of giving money to others does not always apply to all even if it is for charities. Because happiness is based on an individual’s perspective, a person’s outlook on what makes them happy may vary from someone else’s. Happiness is something compared to everyone else; some people appear happier than others. It is an individual perception, and it is influence by a variety of factors such as society, family, relationship status, health, occupation, love, and even income. Read more:  Does Money Bring Happiness Essay

Moby †Why Does My Heart Feel so Bad Essay

‘Why Does My Heart Feel So Bad’ is based on two eight bar themes, A and B. Theme A is based on a chord sequence of A minor, E minor, G major and D major. Theme B has two different types, ‘Bx’ and ‘By’. Theme Bx has a repeated two bar phrase and the chord pattern is C major, A minor, C major, A minor. Theme By also has a repeated two bar phrase and the chord sequence is F major, C major, F major, C major. This is much more positive and uplifting in contrast to Bx. The overall structure is verse and chorus, with A being the verse and B being the chorus sections. Melody The piano melody of the song is very repetitive and only varies when it becomes more syncopated at A5(1:19). The vocal melody for the line ‘Why does my heart feel so bad’ ascends and then descends, reflecting a person’s tone in a question and answer. There is also a counter melody provided by the synth strings and piano, which engages in call and response with the main vocal melody at A6. Rhythm The time signature for this song is 4 crotchet beats in every bar, however most of the notes are quavers and semiquavers. The Latin American rhythm was influential on American dance music as Hispanic culture was prominent in America at the time. Harmony The harmony of the verses is very repetitive and uses a sequence of A minor x2, E minor x2, G major x2 and D major x2, as shown at A1. The harmony of the chorus , however uses the chords of C major and A minor twice, then F major, C major twice, to create a feeling of uplifting to accompany the lyrics: ‘These open doors’. Both samples have a new harmony after every 2 bars. The Harmony is regular, rhythmic and reflective. Tonality The tonality of the track is more modal than diatonic and is very predictable, C major goes to its relative minor, A. The patterns moves in a sequence of down a 4th, up a 3rd, then down a 3rdand although there is no key signature, A minor features prominently. The chorus is C major and the major feel to the chorus is very noticeable to the listener. Music Technology Moby uses a variety of different technical effects to the track and although the track was recorded 13 years ago, much of the technology he used is still being used by artists today. The vocal samples he used were from 1950s gospel choirs and the lyrics were manipulated by Moby, for example, the lyrics ‘Why does my heart feel so bad/Why does my soul feel so bad’ were actually ‘When I should feel so sad/Why does my soul feel so glad’ in the original recording. Moby changed the word ‘glad’ to ‘bad’ to make the song about hurt instead of happiness. Moby uses EQ (Equaliser) in verse 2 (A6) and applies it to the vocal sample for the ‘telephone voice’ effect where the bass and treble frequencies are cut to emphasis the middle range creating a thin sound. Moby also uses a digital delay at A6 to create an echo.

From A Basement on the Hill and School Life Essay

Farewell speech 1:- In this farewell speech I am not saying goodbye to the five years I have spent here, for in every facet of school life we have left a mark and each experience can return upon reflection These experiences compose the pages of our book of life. Tonight we, the authors of this book, are writing again. This graduation experience will become a part of it. If you re-read it some day, it will tell you of success. A success of symbolizing years of patience and encouragement on the part of our parents who have raised us, given us guidance in our quest for happiness and success; teachers who have helped us over this step in school life; our friends who are an essential part of your life. To the students in the auditorium now, I say this. Live your life to the fullest and get every ounce of worth out of it. High school life will now open new doors for you. You will meet new friends and learn to get along with people, to give and to take. You will belong to athletic teams and will learn sportsmanship, learn acceptance of victory and defeat. Scholastically, more demands will be made of you. You will learn to take responsibility. Make your years at high school full in every respect. You will never live these years again and there is so much to do. Prepare yourself now for the job to come or university life. Because there is more to learn, more people to meet, more demands. So very much is up to you. Don’t be discouraged by failure or disappointment. Failure is a challenge which we must all pick up and fight openly. In overcoming it, we add excitement and suspense to our story. By learning everything I can from this world and its people, by doing everything I can for this world and its people, in years to come I may find the answers, the strength, whatever I see, when I reread what I have written–what you have helped me to write. Tonight I believe that I have stated my preface, the reason for writing my book. If I have fulfilled my purpose, then I have said something that will merit some attention in the book you are writing The words of a song: The web of time entangles and enslaves Enjoy the world. Enjoy it while you may. Each moment that your heart is beating Time is passing, Time is fleeting Live your life. Live it every day. Farewell speech 2:- Farewell ’98 – Beware, It’s a Wide World Respected Principal Sir, Vice-Principal Sir, Teachers, and all my dear friends, including those who are graciously bunking. I looked around for farewell speeches but I couldn’t find any worthwhile so I wrote this myself which is why this won’t take long. We are gathered here, as most of us probably know, not only for the kachoris, but to bid a fond farewell to the students of Class XII who are leaving the esteemed establishment of the Kendriya VidyalayaSangathan, and venturing out into the real world. We don’t know what truths they will find out there, what experiences they will have and we can only shower them with our best wishes and words of encouragement. I’m not too good with words so I thought I’d make my message clearer with a few lines from a Maxi Priest song. I think it goes somewhat like this – â€Å"†¦ But if you want to leave, Take good care. Hope you find a lot of nice friends out there. Just remember there’s a lot of bad. Beware. It’s a wide world.† But most of us won’t have a problem there because we’ve spent a lot of our years in KV, where along with the regular ‘by the book’ education we are imparted with values. All through your school life you have probably been wondering what exactly the teacher’s were prattling on about but now that it’s time for you to leave your sheltered life and go out into the real world, now, you will realise the value of those words that our teachers painstakingly drone into us. And these moments of emotion will be the last that you’ll be spending in the shelter of our school. Within a month you’d have left the shelter of your cocooned school lives and all you ugly caterpillars will flutter off in various directions as beautiful butterflies into a world where you know not what awaits you. But through your lives you’ll always remember your days here, fondly I hope. And within those memories of friends, teachers and the muddle of pleasant and unpleasant experiences may you remember the lessons that this school and it’s dedicated staff of teachers have taught. And may those lessons guide you on your paths to realise the dreams you’ve set out to make true. Because no matter what you do, no matter where you go, all through your lives you’ll only be richer with the experiences and knowledge that you’ve gathered in your schooling lives. I’d just like to sign off with a line from a Bob Dylan number that really contain the essence of what I’ve been trying to say here. ‘Goodbye is too good a word, so I’ll just say fare-thee-well.’

Artemis Sportswear Company

What production and operational cost expenditures can be minimized, without effecting productivity or overall quality of the manufactured goods? Artemisia Sportswear has Identified the need to reduce operation costs that In the end will Limit profit gains. This requires an in-depth examination of overhead, employment numbers, and production rates to determine the best course of action for effective company management. A research team has developed a strategy to study and address this particular issue and present the findings to the Board of Directors.This research document will determine what production and operational cost expenditures can be enameled without effecting productivity or overall quality of the manufactured goods. Our team has discovered 3 keys for your company to reduce your overhead; cut production costs, employee reduction and production rates. Our first key is to cut production costs, as this is vital for the future of the business. Production cost is important to r educe because it decreases wastes, stalls over production, and limits possible defects in your company's products.The second key is o reduce employment numbers, and in Dalton how best to conduct this normally sensitive area. We also want to show you that through the use of effective management and hiring processes, the hiring of quality people will save millions of dollars each year. The final key is production rates and how it is important to have a well-adjusted rate for competition. Production rate is important because customers are constantly looking for better quality products and services and lower rate.Our team has examined these production expenses and the following will explain the ideas we have for your company throughout the operations department. Artemisia sportswear company needs to reduce their production costs by a significant amount, or else risk failure. Our research team has developed several ways to reduce production costs; such as waste reduction, over production , and defects. Reducing waste in the total cost of production is a good way to cut cost, and having too much product can create profit loss in your company.Waste reduction is an Important element of minimizing total cost of production (Wald, Johann, ; Aim, 2010). If our company minimizes waste In production by recycling defected products, or scrap material you may gain profit back by reducing any unused expenditures. In practice, the costs incurred in a production process include manufacturing costs, materials costs, quality loss cost, inspection costs, rework costs, and scrap costs (Wald, Johann, ; Aim, 2010). The team suggests selling defected products at a lower rate and creating a limited-time featured Item at a â€Å"special price† for items that are over produced.For Instance, If you eliminate the excess Inventory that Is spread ore useful than idle inventory (Reginald, 2011). This will help profits and limiting waste within your company. Another way for Artemisia Sport swear to reduce waste would be to cut down on equipment procedures and modernize the equipment being used. Some examples are to include using energy saving light bulbs, reducing usage of heating and air conditioning within the buildings, having a well-insulated building, and reducing the amount of equipment used to produce the products.Older devices consumed more electricity and generated more heat than newer products (Leper, 2011). The benefits that modern equipment brings are that they are easier to use and more reliable to use with the products you are selling. Also by modernizing the equipment your company currently uses, will also add more benefits to your products and increase profit margin by ways of added design features. A path of output fleet modernization led to several things worthwhile – profound savings, reduced paper consumption, operational efficiencies and heightened environmental friendliness (Leper, 2011).We want to render the company further to be moderniz ed and environmentally friendly. We believe every path leads to something worthwhile† (Leper, 2011). Artemisia Sportswear Company has a large number of producers; our goal in this section is to reduce that number by 30%. As a research team we do not want to target a certain group of employees. Most employers whom downsize will target these three types of groups; those who do not work as hard, employees based on age, gender, race, and sexual preference. To be sure, the term â€Å"targeted† could be interpreted in several ways.For example, it might mean (a) not random, and therefore based on performance; (b) strategic, and Hereford based on a particular organizational unit, such as a division or a specific line of business; or (c) cuts in pay (perhaps according to a sliding scale by organizational level), capital expenditures, or other operating expenses (Socio & Peg, 2004). As a research team we want to encourage you to not make these decisions based age, gender, race, o r sexual preference, as we pointed out, but to make the decision based on what is best for your company.The best way to really cut expenses in this example is to drastically cut pay from higher paid employees and educing employees based on performance. We want to increase your employee loyalty by showing employees that the company cares about their well-being, as this typically leads to better production out of your employees. Restructuring, including downsizing, often leads to predictable effects diminished loyalty from employees (Socio & Peg, 2004). Assuring the employees that Artemisia Sportswear is making these decisions based on performance and pay cuts will increase their loyalty.We also want to increase your company's profits, but in order to do so you must make a UT in your company's workforce, because as the law goes, happier employees creates more production which naturally leads to a reduction in employees. Another point is common among managers is that by downsizing the workforce, sometimes through across-the-board cuts in employees, boosts company profits (Socio & Peg, 2004). So, by an overall reduction in your workforce by this small amount will begin to increase your profit margin.We want to increase your company's rivalry with other competitors and prove to other companies and customers that your product is worthy of the industry in sportswear. When new competitors enter an industry the key to expansion within your company, by producing further enhanced and least expensive goods and services to the loyal customers within the industry. We want to increase the type of products that are for sale and the amount you sell them for. The intensity of rivalry among existing competitors can obviously influence company profitability (Sack & Nadia, 2002).We want to refrain from intense and extreme rivalry with your competitors. Intense rivalry may influence your profitability, but it can also result in all sorts of problems. We want to increase competition between companies, but in minimal amount. Firms in one industry may produce products that compete with products in another (Sack & Nadia, 2002). New and improved products are more reliable to customers; customers are also more fascinated to these newly developed products. We want to create highly enhanced products that will fit every customer's needs.For instance, minor league baseball not only competes with other sports events, but also amusement parks, theaters, substitute products such as pay-per-view cable channels that show first run movies or video stores that offer much better prices for movies once they have left theaters are major competitors (Sack & Nadia, 2002). We would like to suggest using limited time special products such as, professionally signed products like; baseballs, basketballs, hockey sticks, sports shoes, etc.The company would also benefit from having a limited time meet and greet with famous athletes. This will improve competition and allow a minimal amoun t of rivalry. The buyers of an industry outputs can lower the industry profitability by bargaining for higher quality or more services, and forcing down prices (Sack & Nadia, 2002). This is why as a company you should not give in to the customers' desire in change, as you will not always change your prices to please your customers, instead you can offer great quality for an affordable price.Buyers have the upper hand when an industry products are relatively undifferentiated (Sack & Nadia, 2002), but your company will not give buyers the upper hand. As a supplier to the sportswear industry you will want to increase your profitability as much as possible. Our team wants to make the company as a supplier more powerful within the competition. If there are only a few companies hat supply an entire industry, these powerful suppliers can squeeze profitability out of an industry unable to cover cost increases in its own prices (Sack & Nadia, 2002).This is where suppliers become more powerfu l by increasing profit and quality of the products being sold. When industries have limited access to materials needed for production, the power of suppliers becomes a major competitive force (Sack & Nadia, 2002). Your company will need to search for all the materials needed for your production and try to provide the products that the customers need and ant. Our research team has explained the 3 keys for Artemisia Sportswear Company to reduce costs and cut out any unneeded expenditures.We are confident that what we have explained in detail will save your company money through the processes explained above. We would like to assure the company that these time-proven, and highly successful ways of helping your business grow. If you would only imply these principles every so often when replacing equipment, you would be practicing a much needed pruning in your company which is necessary for any living thing to grow much more fully.

Managers learn better through experience. Theory has nothing to offer Essay

Managers learn better through experience. Theory has nothing to offer - Essay Example Management on the other hand, includes supervision of people, managing projects, and managing a budget. Therefore, management incorporates responsibility and thus it requires a lot of practice in order to acquire enough skills liable for management (Culpan 2002, P. 79). Managers learn better through experience and theory has nothing to offer. This statement is true to some extent and on the other hand, the theory has some importance. It is very true that experience is important to managers since the more they practice managing, the more they become efficient in their managing skills. On the other hand, an individual may learn the theory and harbours the knowledge without practicing what is learnt can make the individual lose the knowledge and eventually the theory ends up not helping the manager in any way. On the other hand, theory can help the manager in case he learns and practices it thus he acquires some experience greatly helps him or her. In the field of management, various le arning models try to explain the effect of the experience curve and the efficiency found in the output or the gains or investment made out of the effort applied (Burtles 2007, P. 36). Following the learning curves observed in the 19th century, it follows that experience suggests that the more times an individual performs or practices a task, very less time is required in the subsequent repeat of the same task. Statistics show that in 1936, in the United States, the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base whereby they came up with the resolution that the time required for labour of a double production of aircraft, requires a less percentage of labour time. This means that when the production of an item doubles the time used becomes less. This concept applies to the acquisition of knowledge and skills by the manager, the more an individual practice, the less time he or she uses in the labouring and thus the knowledge acquisition is fast. According to human psychology of how the human brain wo rks, human brain retains knowledge easily when practicing (Warwick & Bolton 2008, P. 135). Therefore, learning curve suggests that in every double quantity of items produced, the cost for that decreases at the same rate. Thus, in theory alone has nothing to offer to the managers. Managers need learning experiences. The effect of experience curve shows at the production or in the quality of the output of the service and doubling the volume of the cumulative decreases, the cost of the values added at the same percentage. The main reason for the application of the experience and the learning curves in management is the complexity of the learning processes. Experience effects become very important because of the labour efficiency. Many employers and companies require managers who have enough experience since they are sure of efficient labour hence efficient output. Experience curve is also important because of the Technology-driven learning. In order for a manager to posses some efficie ncy qualities, he, or she has to be pro-efficient in the technology. Learning technology requires practice since it is more of a practical subject than being a theoretical subject. Another importance of the experience curve is for the better use of equipments. An individual has practiced, experiment, or experience to use equipments correctly. Other importance of the experience curve includes, standardization, specialization, and methods of improvements, redesigning of the products, building networks and in the

Compare Arthur Miller's life to the characters in his play, Death of a Essay

Compare Arthur Miller's life to the characters in his play, Death of a Salesman - Essay Example The notion of identifying with a character is nothing new. The fictional personas that we love or hate remind us of ourselves and other people that we are astonished at how a writer is able to get all the details, the idiosyncrasies and the truth of their self. All of this is achieved not merely because of the writer’s imagination but more importantly because he knows them and is thus able to breathe life into them. Arthur Miller’s ‘Death of a Salesman’ has been an enduring masterpiece that has won him a Pulitzer Prize and marked his career as a great American playwright. Miller had always been compared alongside Henrik Ibsen and where their similarities lie is on the portrayal of social problems in their writing. But to categorize Miller and confine him in the shadow of Ibsen would be a great injustice to his work. As Harold Bloom tells it, â€Å"Ibsen essentially was a daemonic dramatist, trollish and Shakespearean, always closer to a cosmos of elemental forces, like those in ‘King Lear’ and ‘Macbeth’ and ‘Macbeth,’ than to the social world of politics and economics† (7). This is in contrast to the straightforward appeal of Miller’s work and the characterization of the American hopes and ideals as a prevalent theme in the execution of his greatest play. â€Å"For Arthur Miller, art was always deeply connected to life. Art, he believed, not only derives from life experience, but it must also respond to life and improve the conditions of life and living for humanity† (Sterling 35). Arthur Miller’s life has been a long and colorful one. This was marked by several marriages that included among others the famous actress Marilyn Monroe to whom he had written a screenplay she had starred in titled ‘The Misfits’ in about the same time they had their divorce. Their relationship was the center of media attention even before the notoriety of today’s paparazz i. They epitomized celebrity culture even before there was even such a thing. But more than this he has been known to take an outspoken stand on social issues and is one not to shy away in speaking his mind publicly. Miller had lived a most fascinating life filled with anecdotes and controversies up to the moment of his death at the rightful age of 89 in 2005(Biography.com). Even towards the end of his life, he has consistently made a mark as a voice of his generation and his love for the theatre has emanated therein. Aside from the highlights of his life during his fame, his early years reveal more of how time has molded him to be the writer that he is. The understanding of ‘Death of a Salesman’ in the realm of its authors life bears a number of manifest parallelisms not only to his own life but also to the things that are occurring during the time it was written. The theme of the narrative bears resemblance in that of the authors own and for the search of the dream we all share. Arthur was born the second child in a well-off Jewish family on October 17, 1915. They lived in an idyllic apartment with a prestigious address near Fifth Avenue in New York. His father, Isadore ‘Izzy’ Miller, was able to provide a comfortable life for his family through his Miltex Coat and Suit Company which manufactures women’s clothing and employs about 800. His relationship with his mother is the one he treasured the most. Gittel Miller, more fondly called ‘

Case Study for Total Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Study for Total Quality Management - Essay Example Ever since 9/11 this industry has seen radical changes and movements towards downsizing and cost cutting. A company in this industry that was able to maintain a high level of customer service is Orbitz Corporation. This paper provides two answers to discussion questions of the case study Customer Service Processes at Orbitz. Mr. Patton was very satisfied with the level of service that he received. Corporations that provide good customer service are able to achieve higher levels of customer retention (Achievemax, 2009). There were various aspects of the experience Mr. Patton encountered which made him happy. First of all when he approached the company about the double billing problem the company was apologetic. After a short verification process which took a few minutes the firm admitted they were wrong. This is somewhat unusual because companies love to blame the customer. I once had a problem at an ATM that stole my money. I went to the bank and they claimed it was not their fault because they were the owners of the ATM and the protocol was for an investigation to occur. I was not satisfied with this response at all since all they had to do was contact the other bank that owned the ATM to check the video camera in order to verify that cash was not disbursed. Mr. Hatton was surprised that the company ad mitted the wrong doing so fast. Another dimension of the customer service at Orbitz that impressed Mr. Hatton was the short waiting time on the phone and the efficiency of their voicemail system. Inefficient voicemail system that keep routing the customer through way too many options typically anger customers to the point that at times the customer prefers to hang up than to continue the ordeal (Crestcapital, 2006). Another aspect of the customer service that impressed Mr. Hatton was that the company apologized for the mistake on various occasions. At the end of the process Orbitz send Mr. Hatton a letter apologizing with a

Gender Equality; is it a myth or a reality Essay

Gender Equality; is it a myth or a reality - Essay Example Men and women has different brain structure and physical functioning, they also react to situations differently hence gender equality is a myth.(Thesis) Naturally men are superior to women and there is lots of scientific evidence attached to it. By physical appearance itself, men have superiority due to their muscle built and structural composition. Men are more confident in their walk, communication and interaction in daily life. Men are practical and do not get emotional like women. Women due to their feeble mind get quickly afflicted emotionally and take decision that is wrong or inappropriate. Generally speaking, women need protection from men in all dire situations like natural calamities, physical contingencies and financial distresses. God created men to support and protect women as she is a delicate creation both in physical and emotional sense. Men and women are both created by God and they have a purpose which does not conflict with one another. If men have strong physique and practicality, women have tolerance, patience and sacrificing quality which is equally appreciative. Men alone are not able to manage and control a family life, as it needs hard effort and contribution from women too. If men have social responsibilities then women have the responsibility to take control of home, children and husband which is a demanding task. As per (MLC, 2003)†Men are physically stronger. By nature, they are usually more aggressive and externally oriented. In contrast, a woman usually embodies the ideal of inner dignity. Men are physically strong but the emotional and mental strength of women is empowering†. Men and women have complementing relationship and it is not contradictory as many think. God has not made anything conflicting in nature, all creation whether man or woman has equal value in eyes of nature. Man and women complement each other emotionally,

Financial Management - Cool Moose Creamery Essay

Financial Management - Cool Moose Creamery - Essay Example The report analyses whether starting a new franchise of Cool Moose Creamery would be feasible or not and what opportunities and threats might be considered while starting this venture. The report has been divided into two parts; the first part of the reports highlights and discusses different elements that could influence the decision whether to start a new venture or not and the other part of the report analyses the feasibility of starting a new venture by using different project appraisal techniques. The first part of would include more of qualitative data however the quantitative data and all the calculations have been included in the second part. Important Elements to Consider Starting a new venture is the phase when the management of the business has to consider important elements and factors that could influence the operations and success of the new firm. By identifying these important elements, the managers are able to identify factors that could influence the business and the n take steps to minimize the impact of these steps. Such elements are also important for the management as they provide areas that the management should look at and be careful of while starting a new venture (Dunung, 2010). Some of the most important elements that the management has to consider while starting a new venture are as follows: Market Size and potential of the market One of the important elements that have been considered before starting a new venture is the market size and the potential of the market. Market size is basically defined as the total number of potential customers that the firm for whom the firm would be offering products or services. Market potential basically refers to the potential or possibility of the consumers buying the products or services of the firm. If the market has high potential but the size is very limited and starting a business requires high investment, then it is not feasible to go ahead with such a venture. However, if the market size is sm all and has potential in it but requires low investment then venture can be started as despite of low market size firm would be able to capitalise the market. Therefore it is important for the management to consider and analyse the market size and the potential of the market along with the benefits that would be delivered by the venture and by comparing these elements, the final decision should be made. Product and its uniqueness The other important element that