History of disease Essay

In what ways did the find outing of the intervention of disease change in the old age 1860-1945? The addressment of disease changed dramatic whollyy in the years 1860-1845 due to the changes of how people understand it, how each baring such as Pasteurs opens new doors, leading to new(prenominal) discoveries such Kochs acknowledgment of references, the supernatural bullet and discovery of penicillin. this has help society to understand the causes of disease, and the ways to tackle it. These discoveries began in the 1800s, where doctors at the clock cartridge clip were just beginning to speculate about germs and microbes with a new invention, the microscope. the microscope can see what is in distinct to humanity eye and it was good use for identifying micro organism as they were incredibly small. those doctors who believed germs existed thought they were the result of disease and not the cause of it, and this idea was called the spontaneous generation. However this was abou t to be proven wrong, in 1857 a wine maker Louse Pasteur was the man that do a breakthrough that linked germs to disease. His discovery was do by accident when he was investigating why sugar beat became sour unexpectedly. he be that sugar beat soured because of the germs carried in the business line. the germs in the sugar beat infected by the air is eliminated by boiling it with fire, this is known as pasteurizing. although his experimental evidence supported his idea, people at the time ref utilize hes belief. its like saying to the community that i have ascertained a discussion for cancer but they wouldnt believe it because it wasnt taken to account for. Pasteurs discovery has made a huge influence to the treatment of medicine. His work led to the discovery of vaccines for chicken cholera 1880, splenic fever 1881 and Rabies 1995. Furthermore, Robert Koch a German physician took Pasteurs work a step further. He overtake his work looking to link particular germs to particular diseases. His first major breakthrough came in 1875 when he identified the microbe that causes the Anthrax disease.With the development of technology, he discovered that there are microbes that are preciously invisible to the human eye, even to the most powerful microscopes. because of this factor he developed ways of spot the microbes with dyes so he could see them, calculate the microbes rate of reproduction and their lifespan. His discovery of the identification of different bacteria and the different disease it caused was a huge breakthrough in medical register and the understanding of the treatment of diseases, as his work proved that whatreally caused diseases was. This is a importee to medicine as he discovered 21 different germs causing diseases. in 1882 he discovered a germ that causes tuberculosis, 1883 a germ that caused cholera and these were one of the top 3 deadliest diseases. this breakthrough paved way for other scientists to take up the challenge and conduct re search leading to new discoveries as such. Kochs accessory Emil Behring developed the first anti toxin which could help to destroy the poison spread from bacteria in the relationship stream. This was used for the successful treatment of Diphtheria in 1891 one of the top deadliest diseases. This led to a German Jewish scientist and physician Paul Ehrlich who worked on Kochs bacteriology lab to take on a research during the nineties on how certain dyes could stain certain bacteria and maybe find certain chemicals that can crop up them. by 1914 his team had discovered several types of magic bullets, these different compounds would have a specific attraction to specific disease-causing microbe in the body and this would hit a specific germ (that has become visible because of a specific dye) and not damage anything else in the patients body. the magic bullets dye discovered were Methylene blue (for malaria), Trypan red (for sleeping sickness) and Salvarsan (for syphilis).This was a huge medical breakthrough because this will brook other scientists to developed specific drugs to target specific germs, attacking the cause of the disease rather than treating the symptoms. this is a significant discovery because it shows us an understanding on how bacteria behaves and how to treat a disease by target and murder. this gave a broad idea of treating medicine because not only they can target and kill syphilis, malaria but they can do this for other diseases. As a result, in 1928 a bacteriologist Alexander Fleming epoch cleaning his cluttered lab noticed that a culture of Staphylococus aureas had become contaminated with mould in his Petri dish. This mould was called Penicillium Notatum. The mould was in a shape of a ring, and the area around it seemed to be free of the bacteria staphylococcus. Fleming concluded that the bacteria on the plate around the ring had been killed off by some substances that had come from mould. He continued to experiment with the mould an d found out (in controlled experiments) that the mould killed damaging bacteria and appears to be non-toxic to humans or animals . This was a huge scientific breakthrough because the mould is harmless and can kill all kinds ofbacteria if it was isolated into a drug it can be used to treat patients. Unfortunately Fleming could not isolate the mould and could not make a usefule drug to treat humans. although he wrote his discovery in 1929 the science department remained uninterested. Not Until 12 years later on a pair of young scientists Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, revisited and continued Flemings work as a way to help forces effort in World War 2, since a lot soldiers die in infections than gun wounds, something requisite to be done. So in Oxford University they finally isolated the bacteria-killing substance from mould. this creation has a huge significance in medical treatment because they have created the once known wonder drug that could kill insidious pathogens as such, that can possibly cure syphilis gangrene pneumonia and tuberculosis.To prove its potential it involve to be trialed on a human. In 1941 a doctor Charles Fletcher heard of their work. he had a patient who was serious death from an bacterial infection on wound. Fletcher used some of chains and Floreys penicillin on the patient and the wound made a spectacular recovery. however the patient died a few weeks later because Fletcher did not put luxuriant penicillin to eliminate completely the bacteria in the patients body. contempt this case, this had proven that penicillin could do what its made to do. the patient only died because he did not have enough penicillin, not that it did not work. Since a lot of people died in infections than gunshots in World War 2, they needed a drug that can effectively heal Americas soldiers. Florey then got the American drugs community to mass produced Penicillin before D-Day, so American soldiers on the front have enough penicillin to treat all infe ctions that will be inflicted among the troops. This is a huge significance to medical treatment because not only they created a non toxic, bacteria killing drug, the drug can cure all bacterial based diseases such a syphilis , pneumonia and tuberculosis, since they can mass produce it the drug is therefore cheap and can treat intimately everyone. Overall the understanding od disease and treatment developed greatly in the years treatment of disease change developed greatly in the years 1860-1945 as man were able to understand

A Suburbian Murder

The pearl white pigeon glided into the open window bringing with it the stenches of central London traffic. It cocked its head to unrivalled side while perched on the windowsill, as if in limbo. The blonde, wavy hairclothed boy lay, sprawled out on his bed. His eyelids twitched as his dark eye attempted to adjust to the ferocious rays of sunlight flooding the room. No sooner did he lift his heads. Then the black monster blared excruciatingly from across the room forcing him to summon the will reason to trudge along and slap the alarm on the head, silencing it for a further twenty four hours. What daytime was it? He didnt care. Each day was the same and he couldnt tell the difference. He felt something.He walked outback(a) into the cool breezing, looking upwards towards the day with a large smirk in his casing. He was sooner young, about in his late twenties, tall and relatively thin. He had a certain style of clothing, corrosion a white polo shirt, with jeans of a faded blue c olour. He had no facial hair and his hair was flipped upwards, his green sparkling eyes reflected from the stunning sun like a diamond.He started to shiver. He stopped. He stood guard, glancing very sharply at them. Thunder screamed And the burning intense weather died away. The shell spinning about had ripped his life. He hid panicking, wondering who it was? Why? Will someone help? Did he see me? Am I way out to die? Out of the blue, tires screeched and the speeding car operate away into the gloomy night its look plate half out of its position, streaks of mud on the cars bright headlights and fresh mud travel forward the bumper. He unleashed his face from the dark and ran fast as possible to shelter. He had just witnessed a dread(a) murder.The fluorescent moon shone beams of darkness through the condensed window into the minute aura of evil he could not terminate the appalling judgment of the revolting murder, his head was spinning due to the puzzle thoughts of what he would do subsequently. He couldnt bring the images of the ruthless murder to an end as it repeated in his distressed mind. Having watched his whole family murdered, he could not eject the sensation of the evil thought of his brother being murdered The entre rang it was the policemen, come around asking questions about the death of his late brother. Having asked firm and draining questions they had still no suspects or any set offs with the murder connecting towards the murderer, they had no choice but to close the case. The one and scarce time he needed help and he was turned down.After a short otiose period of nap the door bell rang yet again, this time it was Andrew his brothers superlative pal. He had heard the intelligence service of the harsh murder and had come to give his wishes and support. He felt a bit rickety and had numerous large breaks in-between sentences as though he was hiding something. My suspicions grew larger and I too started to determine in-secure. It seemed he was in a hurry so I walked him to the door. My heart started to beat faster, my hands swamp as sweat was unleashed from the palms of my hands, I became breathless as my lungs felt compressed. I could not believe that my eyes were telling me the truth. The same old car with the same old broken number plate could it be he murdered my loving brother I was bolt from the blue and I knew what to do for the pastime of my beloved brother .Just before the ice blood curdling night I waited. academic session on an old rusty tree like a dull owl. I got out a blood thirsty razor sharp knife grasping to be used. I glanced at it and adage a sharp reflection of myself. Its face was shivering it could its tired and strained face bearing the label of harsh warfare. Then suddenly the chilly air spun around him like a smooth python laborious to suffocate it. He sat back in stress. Thunder screamed And the house awoke sending out a large breeze, he could sense the presence of his foe. The bleak chilly air had died away and then the energetic rain was unleashed from the jet black sky and he was ready to make his move.The black car drove into the driveway. The number plate half out of its position, streaks of mud on cars head lights, fresh mud falling off the bumper. He walked towards the door wearing a white striped suit. His hair was wet and apartment from the rain he had no facial hair but wore glasses. He was very muscular and likewise had a mole on his right cheek and looked quite similar to his brother.His jingles of keys fell as he ran towards his house for shelter from the rain, he kneeled he paused Thunder screamed He pulled it The shell spinning around had ripped his life. He fell back thinking who it was? Why? Will someone help? Am I going to die? The predator walked up towards its prey as he was raising his hands for help, he unleashed his face from the dark.The atmosphere drew a sigh as the trigger was pulled and a bullet was released again. The cold red-bloo ded killer dragged the deceased into the cold shivering pool of chlorine water and left it to drown. He packed his carnage weapon and removed the traces of his presence. The storm cried away leaving a romantic dark give up sky with bright glowing stars. He walked home having justice for his brother and now his best join was dead at last

Masculinity in Brokeback Mountain by Annie Proulx Essay

The classic sort let out of the Western cowboy impacts the way Ennis and varlet view their affinity throughout the screenplay based on the short(p) story, Brokeback quite a little by Annie Proulx and the film Brokeback Mountain directed by Ang Lee. The stereo normal Western cowboy is visualised throughout as rather male and ar expected to pretend and live a definite way, this is not directed said, but the film and novel suggests so. This typical sort leads Ennis and Jack to respond indifferently.Theyre quite confused, hesitant and in demur of their kindred. Although wary of the consequences of continuing their relationship together, theyre unable to exsert the temptations of each other. As secretive as they filtrate to be, it advocates that the towns people and their family realize their uncoiled intentions and are quite cold and disapproving to Ennis and Jack. The continuation of their relationship tests Ennis and Jack, and how far theyre willing to take it to kee p their relationship intact but private.Jack and Ennis upbringing are similar, to the environment of where they lived to how they were brought up to act. The first stage of their contact which occurs in Brokeback Mountain they fall for each other, though they do not vocalize anything their actions say it all. When they try disgorge about their situation it leads to an argument and in the end nothing gets resolved and they become hesitant of their feelings towards each other. The typical cowboy was depicted throughout the novel and film as quite masculine and that showing affection towards another man would be considered weak, this gives reason to Jack and Ennis reaction towards their relationship and that it would not be placed in high regard in society. Jack and Ennis had violent relationships with both their captures.At an early age Jack would get beaten up by his father John, who was a actually brutal man and showed no remorse for his actions I thought he was killing me (Pro ulx, 1999, p. 25) the extent of Johns violence went far and influenced Jacks behavior throughout his lifespan and taught him that if he were very at fault brutal consequences would occur. Sexual orientation back in the 60s in Wyoming affected how Ennis carried out his feelings of love to Jack. Although it is quite soak up he cares for Jack he is aware of the indictment that comes with homo verseds in their society.Ennis father is suggested in the film to be quite homophobic and Ennis is mindful of this, at a young age his fathertakes Ennis to a unused body which is then clarified to have been a male that was murdered for being a homosexual, Ennis eve goes on to suggest that his father might have had something to do with the murder My daddy, he made genuine me and brother seen it. Hell for all I know, he done the job. (Lee, 2005). This gives reason for Ennis to be in denial of his sexuality and to maintain his image of a rough-mannered, rough spoken (Proulx, 1999, p. 2) Wester n cowboy.After their first sexual encounter at Brokeback Mountain their feelings are conflicted and whilst they enjoy the company of each other when Jack tries to talk to Ennis about their relationship Ennis is quick to point out that Hes no queer, whilst jack jumps in with Me either. A one-shot thing. Nobodys business but ours. (Proulx, 1999, p. 7). Once they have finished the summer herding the sheep up at Brokeback, they are then go their separate ways not saying much about what has happened.Whilst walking off Ennis stops to the side and feels sick, but as much as he tries to throw up he realizes that only thoughts of regret for leaving Jack and never establishing anything with him is the only realization he comes to. After foursome years without word from each other Jack sends word to Ennis and he is overcome by rapture and eagerness and once Jack arrives Ennis embraces him intimately without hesitation, this is a change of demeanor for Ennis as before he was reluctant and fu lly aware of the consequences for such actions in public, yet in this very moment he quickly disregards any sense of judgment or repercussion for what is known to be frowned upon by the community.For several(prenominal) years they have kept their relationship in the same state, secretive and in denial of their true feelings, which is more so Ennis than Jack who was more open about it. Ennis in judge to keep the typical stereotype of a masculine western cowboy he turns down Jacks offers of a life together for he is more afraid of what could happen if they were to do so which was influenced by his fathers homophobic magnetic dip as a minor. They both know that their actions in their society would condemn them both to a tricky life or worst case death.Jack and Ennis marry women and raise a family in attempt to be normal and behave as ordinary western cowboys. Jack marries Lureen, and of them twoLureen is the manlier figure in their relationship. Lureens father L.D Newsome is a prim e example of the typical masculine man. Newsome takes pleasure in place Jack in his place whenever the opportunity arises. In pursuit of putting Newsome in his place when he attempts to hold reins over how Jack should behave at thanksgiving Jack responds surprisingly This is my house This is my child And you are my guest Now sit the hell down before I knock your innate ass into next week (Lee, 2005).Before Jack and Ennis met, Ennis was already engaged to Alma, he portrays the behavior of the stereotype of the cowboy and how men were meant to go about their lives to fit in society then. When Ennis is divorced from Alma, Ennis is encountered by a Cassie. In the film, when Cassie tries to dance with Ennis when their faces are towards each other Ennis is shown smiling, but as soon as she places her head away he looks displeased at the situation. Although any typical man would be intelligent about that situation its clear that Ennis is not. When Jack and Ennis relationship progresses E nnis becomes more anxious and paranoid when youre in town and someone looks at you all suspicious, like he knows? And then you go out on the pavement and everyone looks like they know too? (Lee, 2005) this gives reason for Ennis to step back again and become enclosed about their relationship.When Ennis finds out of Jacks death he is lead to believe that he was plant out about his sexuality in the community and was murdered for this. This was just as before when Ennis father showed him the murdered body of a homosexual and now for not behaving as you should in the community Jack paid the price. The crippling effect of the normative masculinity of the stereotypical cowboy is consequently frowned upon greatly and if you were to behave indifferently through sexuality severe outcomes would occur. This led Jack and Ennis to be hesitant of portraying their relationship openly as they would be incriminated by the community. Reference ListLee, A. (Director). (2005). Brokeback Mountain. Amer ica River Road Entertainment, Good Machine.Proulx, A. (2006). Brokeback Mountain, the story. Brokeback Mountain Story to Screenplay (pp. 1-28). London Perennial.

Greenwich Printmakers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Greenwich Printmakers - Essay faceIt serves as the interior(a) of a number of signifi plundert artists in a national level, promoter of some(prenominal) art clubs, developer of new commercial galleries and annual exhibitions and center for a major art training facility. absolute majority of its tourist attractions can be found in Central London while bingle whitethorn also find them outside the city centre. The city of London serves as home to St. Pauls Cathedral, where one can find just outside its official boundary the Tower of London and the Tower Bridge. Visitors are brought to the urban center of Westminster to the west with the Houses of Parliament, and Westminster Abbey, and the Buckingham Palace, which possesses several of Londons top museums and galleries. Amongst its attractions are the British Museum, the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square, Madame Tussauds, and the Tate Britain. tourist attractions and heritage sites such as palaces remain popular for both visitor s and the local people. Often, tourists take some poses with the surprise Horse Guards Parade for a ceremonial photo opportunity, whilst the nearby Downing Street serves as home to the new Prime Minister Gordon Brown who replaced Britains former, Tony Blair.Meanwhile, the London Borough of Camden, situated at the north of the City of Westminster, features the famed London zoo and the northern end of Regents park, which are both located inside Central London. Camten township is located just outside it, serving as a home to the well-known market, which serves as a north attractor.Further to the west are the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, where one may find the museum district of to the south Kensington, which serves as home to the Kensington Palace, Natural History Museum, Science Museum, and Victorian and Albert Museum. Many hotels are also mount in this orbit, ready to take in a visitor who wants to take a rest from a days visit of London.The regeneration of South Ban k and Bankside areas across the river from the City and Westminster was witnessed by the recent years. In these areas, one may contemplate visiting the Globe Theatre, the Tate Modern, the London Eye, and the London Aquarium. In West London, in the another(prenominal) side of the city, the London Borough of Richmond, featuring Kew Gardens, and Richmond are situated. The Hampton Court Palace may be found on the other side of the river in the southwestern edge of the borough. Also outside the center, in the eastern area of South London, is the Greenwich, a popular tourist destination with the Royal Observatory, the National Maritime Museum, and the Cutty Sark. It is common for galore(postnominal) of Londons museums to offer free entree while cultural or historic attractions charge an entry tip of anything between 5 to 20 per adult like the St. Paul Cathedral, the Globe Theatre, and the Tower of London. The London Sightseeing Pass offers entry with one ticket to several London Touri st Attractions, which one has to purchase in advance.The Greenwich

The future of e Marketing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The future of e Marketing - Research Paper ExampleMcCole (2012) argues that the current wave of marketing is directly intertwined with such friendly media through COBRA and eWOM models. Among the prominent ways that such marketing occurs in social media is through campaigns that give discounts or deals to individuals that follow the specific administration on the social networking platform, such as Facebook or Twitter. Among prominent chemical element of such marketing is through mobile technology. In these situations individuals grant marketers their cell phone number, and the specific organization can then engage in texting campaigns. Finally, specifically tailored marketing is occurring through data summary that is gained through individuals interactions on social media networks.While social media marketing constitutes the current wave of e-marketing, this research recognizes that with the fast pace of technological change current trends will soon change. As such, its cruciall y crucial for organizations to consider the potential future of e-marketing. One prominent mode of thought has considered the aspects of the current marketing schema that are unsustainable. An example of this is the current pay-per-click system. Facebook currently implements an advertising model where marketers pay a set tilt every time a consumer clicks on a specific link. These models have been challenged by increasing enjoyment of the data results, leaving both marketers and hosting bodies unable to gather accurate results. With this recognitions one can rightly wear off that the future of e-marketing will still greatly be intertwined with search portals, leaving search engine optimization a major element of future marketing efforts.Another major consideration in toll of the future of electronic marketing is the current state of email marketing. Email marketing has long been a cornerstone element of marketing efforts. Spam efforts persist, but more

Disney case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disney - Case Study ExampleThese are just to mention notwithstanding a few strategies that saw the go with to a real turnaround. Most important, was to increase customer tail as well as customer satisfaction by capturing not only the kids as antecedently was, but also the tween and adult market placeplace. As a matter fact, specialization in kid market had retarded the companys brand growth resulting to loss of important opportunities. This called for marketing strategies that would enable the company capture the tween and adult.Despite having prospered, the success story would have been greater if Disney had maximized in marketing and promoting their already lively products in conjunction with branding it to fit the entire market, not excluding the mobile sector. This could have been achieved via the marketing be after below.According to Lamb et al (2014), a marketing plan is based on a commission statement which should not possess a marketing myopia. Thus, having carried f ig up analysis of the industry, the mission statement ought to stop customer satisfaction, with mobile application increasing convenience and accessibility, in a manner that it eliminates addiction. Note that the SWOT analysis should consider creating awareness of the new branded franchises as a very important fortune and thus incapacitate its internal strength towards successful marketing. As Disney operates in a very competitory industry, which is also very global, then he marketing strategy should allow for adaptations. Moreover, the main objective is to puff sales through market expansion. Therefore, sales promotion should be based on the various types of market which include, kids (already captured), and adult and tween market. As tween market makes a greater contribution, and then major emphasis needs to be done and would better be divided into boy tween and girl tween to capture each category precisely.In a nutshell, the

THE FRENCH FOREIGN LEGION Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

THE FRENCH FOREIGN LEGION - explore Paper ExampleEven after 182 years of its survival, the french Foreign Legion remains a much misunderstood unit in the global military scenario. Huge non-supportive behavior of French deal against the United States led alliance for war against terrorism in Iraq and also their rejection to even recognize it as a global war provides only to increase the Legions contemporary insignificance.Legion has in the first place engaged itself in very rare attempts in the domain of peacekeeping and expansion of larger depicted object military forces since 1962, they have established and preserved a level of preparation and capability that is more than that of opposite specialized military establishments. Foreign French Legion remains a vital component of nations military infrastructure, especially after recent reorganization.King Louis Philippe came into power after King Charles X was all overthrown in the result of a rebellion. King Louis Philippe was s truggling with the problem soon after climbing the john of France. That was how to address the huge number of refugees, revolutionaries and exiles coming from the bordering countries mixed up in internal uprisings. He knew the risk of exposure these foreigners can pose to his kingdom. A solution was proposed to King Louis Philippe by a self-proclaimed lieutenant general of French Army, Jean Lacroix. Lacroix had already formed a structure of foreign volunteers with designs on utilizing them in newly conquered ground of Algeria by the French army. He suggested that his force be expanded by positive recruiting all over the country side of France with pledges of handsome salary and legal status in the country. These suggestions of Jean Lacroix were approved by the King Louis Philippe as an excellent solution that was not only addressing his refugees problem, but it would also help in reducing the strive on the regular French military combating